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All Journal Religio : Jurnal Studi Agama-agama Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies (IJIIS)
Mahmud, Md. Abdullah Al
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Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Textual Delegitimization of Christian Scriptures in Izhar al-Haqq of Rahmatullah Kairanawi Al Masud, Abdullah; Zakaria , Mohammad; Mahmud, Md. Abdullah Al; Alfian, Anang Gunaifi
Religió Jurnal Studi Agama-agama Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Department of Religious Studies, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Philosophy, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/religio.v15i2.3681

Abstract

Rahmatullah Kairanawi, a nineteenth-century Indian Islamic scholar and a groundbreaking critic of Christianity, witnessed the expansion of Christian missionaries sweeping across India. He responded through intellectual and polemical activism by producing several comparative theological works. His magnum opus, Izhar al-Haqq, fundamentally reshaped the understanding of Islam, providing a missiological apologia and influencing the peoples of both traditions. This paper is qualitative library research employing a content analysis approach. The primary source of this research is the book Izhar al-Haqq by Rahmatullah Kairanawi, while secondary sources include works on Muslim-Christian polemics, biblical studies, and historical accounts. The data are analyzed by identifying major themes, argumentative patterns, and discursive strategies used by Kairanawi in criticizing Christian scriptures and doctrines. The study finds that Izhar al-Haqq does not merely function as a refutational text but also constructs a textual delegitimization by exposing internal contradictions, anachronisms, and the historically contingent formation of biblical texts. The paper further demonstrates that Kairanawi’s approach represents an early model of modern Muslim apologetics that continues to shape contemporary Islam-Christian polemical engagements.
Islamic Ethical Frameworks, Religious Misconceptions, and Institutional Mediation in Voluntary Blood Donation Among Muslim Students at the University of Dhaka Mahmud, Md. Abdullah Al; Hossen, Arman
Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies (IJIIS) Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijiis.vol9.iss1.art7

Abstract

Voluntary blood donation remains insufficient in Bangladesh despite generally favorable attitudes among university students, raising questions about how Islamic teachings shape donation practices. This study examined how Islamic ethical frameworks, religious misconceptions, peer influence, and institutional mediation affect blood donation among Muslim students at the University of Dhaka. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design combined a structured online survey of 50 Muslim students with semi-structured interviews involving five students, two imams, and the director of the Badhan Transfusion Centre. Quantitative data were summarized descriptively, while qualitative accounts were used to explain patterns concerning religious approval, motivation, Ramadan fasting, cross-faith donation, and institutional support. The findings show that participants generally regarded blood donation as consistent with Islamic teachings and associated it with sadaqah, preservation of life, and communal responsibility. Religious duty emerged as a major motivation, and most participants expressed inclusive humanitarian attitudes toward recipients from other religious communities. However, favorable religious approval did not always translate into regular donation. Uncertainty about donating during Ramadan, fear of violating religious obligations, informal peer messages, and uneven access to authoritative guidance created hesitation among some participants. The findings suggest that religion functions less as a direct behavioral determinant than as a moral resource whose effects depend on perceived permissibility, social norms, self-efficacy, and institutional opportunities. The study concludes that faith-sensitive education, credible guidance from religious and medical authorities, peer modeling, and recurring university-based donation programs can help convert Islamic ethical approval into sustained voluntary blood donation.
Co-Authors Al Masud, Abdullah Alfian, Anang Gunaifi Hossen, Arman Zakaria , Mohammad