<![CDATA[Agroforestry systems have been proven effective in enhancing land productivity, environmental quality, and food security. Leguminous plants play an important role in agroforestry due to their ability to biologically fix nitrogen, improve soil fertility, and support agricultural sustainability. However, existing studies report variable and sometimes inconsistent outcomes regarding the benefits of legumes, depending on species selection, agroecological conditions, and management practices. This study aims to comprehensively review the role of legumes in agroforestry systems, identify key challenges related to species selection and management, and assess their implications for agricultural sustainability and food security. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA framework, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024. The results indicate that legume-based agroforestry systems provide important ecological benefits, including improved soil fertility and carbon stocks, erosion control, enhanced biodiversity, and reduced dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Nevertheless, the magnitude and consistency of these benefits are highly dependent on site-specific conditions, agroforestry design, and appropriate management strategies. This review highlights the importance of adopting location-specific approaches in implementing legume-based agroforestry and provides a scientific basis for developing more adaptive and sustainable agroforestry strategies, particularly in tropical regions such as Indonesia. Keywords: ecology, integration, interaction, legumes, biodiversity]]>
