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All Journal Asian Journal of Muslim Philanthropy and Citizen Engagement Surau Journal of Islamic Studies
Alassane Sow
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Women’s Religious Authority and the Governance of Muslim Philanthropy: The Càntakun Succession Conflict in Senegal Alassane Sow; Muhmmad Lisman; Muhammad Syahrullah
Asian Journal of Muslim Philanthropy and Citizen Engagement Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Asian Journal of Muslim Philanthropy and Citizen Engagement
Publisher : MD Research Center Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63919/ajmpce.v2i2.131

Abstract

Islamic Succession conflicts within Sufi brotherhoods in Senegal often expose tensions between competing forms of religious legitimacy, yet their implications for philanthropic governance and women’s participation remain underexplored. This study examines the Caliphate succession conflict within the Càntakun community following the death of Sheikh Béthio Thioune, focusing on how competing legitimacy claims reshape religious authority, philanthropic governance, and gender relations. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research draws on twenty semi-structured interviews, five focus group discussions, and eight participant observations conducted across nine localities in Senegal. The findings reveal that the succession dispute is not merely a theological contest but a struggle over control of philanthropic resources, including adiya, donations, land, and diaspora networks. Sokhna Aida Diallo’s claim to caliphal authority challenges patriarchal norms and expands women’s participation in Muslim philanthropy, while Saliou Thioune’s claim reinforces hereditary succession and institutional orthodoxy. The study argues that routinization of charismatic authority is a contested process shaped by gender dynamics, with significant implications for community participation and institutional continuity. These findings contribute to broader discussions on gender, religious authority, and philanthropic governance in Muslim societies.
Constitutive Duality: A Bourdieusian Analysis of Arab-Islamic NGO Philanthropy in Senegal Alassane Sow; Kamali Kamali; Imam Buchari
Surau Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Surau Journal of Islamic Studies
Publisher : MD Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63919/surau.v2i2.81

Abstract

This study examines the constitutive duality of Arab-Islamic NGO philanthropy in Senegal, where the same actions simultaneously fill public service gaps and reshape religious authority. While over 500 such organizations operate in Senegal, building mosques, schools, and wells, their impacts remain undertheorized beyond binary categories of aid versus interference. A multi-sited ethnographic case study was conducted over six months across Dakar, Touba, Kaolack, and Matam, employing semi-structured interviews with five key informants, participant observation, documentary analysis, and Social Network Analysis. The findings reveal that the same mosque built with Gulf funding is simultaneously framed as charity (by NGOs), regulation (by the state), ideological competition (by Sufi brotherhoods), and social mobility opportunity (by youth). Using Bourdieu’s field theory, the study argues that this constitutive duality is a structural feature of Senegal’s religious field in transition from doxa to heterodoxy, where colliding habitus and unequal capital produce multiple, simultaneous meanings. The study concludes that transnational Islamic philanthropy cannot be reduced to binary categories. It must be understood as a complex process where welfare and authority, complementarity and competition, cooperation and transformation are produced simultaneously. This reframing has significant policy implications, requiring nuanced regulation that distinguishes humanitarian aid from religious authority formation.
Co-Authors Imam Buchari Kamali Kamali Muhammad Syahrullah Muhmmad Lisman