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All Journal Journal of Gender and Millennium Development Studies
Abdul Aziz
Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno, Bengkulu
Humanities Social Sciences

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Women’s Political Participation and Gender Equality in Early Islam: The Era of the Prophet Muhammad and the Khulafaur Rashidin Abdul Aziz; Prio Utomo; Mohamad Syafiq
Journal of Gender and Millennium Development Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Gender and Millennium Development Studies, 3(1), 2026
Publisher : Academia Edu Cendekia Indonesia (AEDUCIA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64420/jgmds.v3i1.534

Abstract

Background: Women’s political roles in early Islamic history are often underrepresented, particularly during the era of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the Khulafaur Rashidin. Objective: This study aims to examine women’s political roles during these periods. Method: This research employs a qualitative literature review and content analysis of historical sources. Results: The findings show that women played active political roles despite lacking formal political rights. Their participation included preaching Islam, joining the Hijrah, pledging allegiance (Bay‘ah), engaging in jihad, and supporting warfare. Several prominent female figures contributed significantly to political life. Women also faced major challenges, including persecution by the Quraysh in Makkah, physical demands during migration and conflict, and the loss of family, property, and homeland. During the Khulafaur Rashidin period, additional difficulties arose from internal conflicts among Muslims and the influence of groups such as those led by Abdullah bin Saba. Conclusion: Women held meaningful political roles despite structural limitations. Contribution: This study highlights women’s contributions and broadens perspectives on political participation in early Islam.
Co-Authors Mohamad Syafiq Prio Utomo