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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Muhammad Adam Nugraha
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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Performance analysis of 5G NR network planning at 2300 MHz in Indonesia: A comparative study of LoS and NLoS scenarios Putri Rahmawati; Lia Hafiza; Muhammad Adam Nugraha; Syifa Maliah Rachmawati
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 4: August 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954

Abstract

This study presents a systematic comparative analysis of 5G new radio (NR) network planning at 2300 MHz for Bandung City, Indonesia, evaluating line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) propagation scenarios to determine infrastructure requirements and performance characteristics for urban deployment. Employing the 3GPP TR 38.901 Urban Macro propagation model, link-budget analysis, and Atoll-based simulation for a 167.31 km² urban area, the study evaluates coverage performance under projected 2025 deployment conditions. The results reveal significant differences between propagation scenarios. LoS conditions require 45 gNodeBs for uplink coverage, achieving a synchronization signal reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) of -94.63 dBm and a synchronization signal signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SS-SINR) of 10.87 dB, both categorized as “Good.” In contrast, the NLoS scenario requires substantially denser deployment with 635 gNodeBs, resulting in improved SS-RSRP performance of -71.98 dBm (“Excellent”) and SS-SINR of 12.32 dB (“Good”), along with more uniform coverage distribution. The findings indicate that improved KPI performance and coverage uniformity in NLoS environments can be achieved through substantially increased infrastructure density, highlighting the trade-off between network quality, deployment complexity, and infrastructure cost in urban 5G NR planning.
Assessing capacity and coverage planning: 5G NR performance using 2300 MHz in urban area Putri Rahmawati; Muhammad Adam Nugraha; Lina Marlina
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 15, No 5: October 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v15i5.10578

Abstract

The rapid evolution of mobile communications technology and increasing data traffic demands have necessitated fifth generation (5G) network development, especially in urban environments. While previous studies examined 3.5 GHz and 700 MHz bands, the 2300 MHz mid-band frequency remains unexplored despite offering optimal balance between coverage and capacity. This research analyzes capacity and coverage planning for 5G implementation at 2300 MHz in Bandung City’s urban area (167.31 km²), employing the urban macro (UMa) propagation model for line of sight (LoS) and non-line of sight (NLoS) conditions, validated through network planning simulations. Capacity planning projects user growth from 421,758 (2024) to 479,453 (2028), with traffic demand increasing from 1.92 to 2.37 Gbps/km². Coverage analysis identifies 86 sites required for optimal deployment, driven by downlink requirements. Performance simulations demonstrate “Excellent” signal strength synchronization signal–reference signal received power (SS-RSRP: -75 to -70 dBm), “Good” signal quality synchronization signal–signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SS-SINR: 10-15 dB), and average throughput of 137.42 Mbps, exceeding IMT-2020 requirements by 37%. The deployment achieves 72.5% user connectivity (132,071 users). While simulation results confirm successful urban 5G deployment balancing coverage and capacity, real-world pilot validation would strengthen practical applicability for network planners implementing similar urban networks.
Co-Authors Lia Hafiza Lina Marlina Putri Rahmawati Syifa Maliah Rachmawati