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All Journal EDUCATIONE: Journal of Education Research and Review
Priyono
Politeknik Negeri Manado
Education Social Sciences

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PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER AND HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE RETROFIT FOR SHEET-METAL CUTTING CONTROL Rick Resa Wahani; Michael Edward Gregerio Kimbal; Moody Noldy Tumembow; Priyono; Herotje Siwi
EDUCATIONE Volume 4, Issue 2, July 2026
Publisher : CV. TOTUS TUUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59397/edu.v4i2.278

Abstract

A 1995 Colgar sheet-metal cutting machine used in the Manufacturing Laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Manado experienced degraded cutting performance, a disabled automatic cycle, an unreliable safety function, and a non-functional blade-gap adjustment mechanism. This study aimed to retrofit the machine control system by integrating a programmable logic controller, a human-machine interface, limit sensors, a variable-frequency drive, and interlock-based emergency logic. The study used a research-and-development design combined with experimental validation. Data were collected through machine inspection, input-output mapping, ladder-diagram programming, HMI screen development, electrical installation, and functional testing with 2 mm and 6 mm steel plates. The retrofit restored manual and automatic blade movement, reactivated the worktable/blade-gap mechanism, enabled operator monitoring through HMI screens, and improved safety through upper and lower limit sensors, emergency stop logic, visual indicators, and audible alarms. Post-retrofit tests showed that the blade-gap setting operated normally, with a 0.35 mm gap for 2 mm steel plates and a 0.75 mm gap for 6 mm steel plates. The machine could perform a complete automatic down-and-up cycle through a single command while retaining full manual control. The findings indicate that PLC-HMI retrofitting is a practical modernization strategy for legacy sheet-metal machines because it improves functionality, operational accuracy, usability, and machine safety without replacing the main mechanical structure.
SIMULATION-BASED DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A DUAL-AXIS SOLAR-TRACKING MECHATRONIC SYSTEM FOR A 50-WATT-PEAK PANEL Excellsdeo Jonathan Polii Ndahawali; I Komang Ardika; Priyono; Tammy Tinny Veisy Pangow; Adriyan Warroka
EDUCATIONE Volume 4, Issue 2, July 2026
Publisher : CV. TOTUS TUUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59397/edu.v4i2.288

Abstract

Dual-axis photovoltaic tracking requires coordinated mechanical, electronic, control, and safety subsystems. This simulation-based design study develops an integrated mechatronic architecture for a 50 Wp panel using an Arduino Mega 2560, four light-dependent resistors, two 3 N·m closed-loop NEMA 23 motors, 20:1 worm reducers, 20T:60T timing pulleys, normally closed limit switches, an anemometer, an RTC DS3231, driver alarms, and a hardware emergency stop. The outer loop uses normalized azimuth and elevation light errors, an eight-sample moving-average filter, a deadband equivalent to 0.5°, and dominant-axis pulse scheduling; the inner motor loop uses encoder feedback, and a supervisory state machine manages INIT, HOMING, TRACKING, HOLD, PARK, STOW, and FAULT modes. A deterministic seven-day scenario was evaluated from 08:00 to 17:00, comprising ten hourly reporting points and nine one-hour integration intervals per day (70 reported observations). The environmental and orientation profiles were prescribed for design evaluation rather than sampled from a documented field site. Under these assumptions, the tracked-panel model produced 283.93 Wh/day versus 237.48 Wh/day for the fixed comparator, a descriptive gain of 19.56%. The model-residual combined RMSE was 0.158°, maximum residual error was 0.44°, estimated actuator consumption was 0.495 Wh/day, and estimated net gain was 45.95 Wh/day. These values describe internal model behavior, not validated hardware performance. No physical prototype, independent output-shaft measurement, stochastic uncertainty analysis, or location-specific economic assessment was conducted. The contribution is therefore a system-level integration and verification framework, together with explicit requirements for subsequent prototype and field validation.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SPRING-LOADED PRESSING SYSTEM AND HUSK DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR A COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE Rifan Gabriel Pantow; Andri Firmansyah Yalisando; Nazriel Jusuf; Priyono; Djefry Paulus Hosang; Fransiscus Josep Tulung; Silvy Dollorossa Boedi
EDUCATIONE Volume 4, Issue 2, July 2026
Publisher : CV. TOTUS TUUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59397/edu.v4i2.300

Abstract

The previously developed coconut dehusking machine showed operational limitations because the pressing mechanism required operator assistance and the removed husk was not continuously discharged. This study developed and functionally validated an integrated spring-loaded pressing mechanism and belt conveyor-based husk disposal system intended to stabilize coconut movement and maintain a clear dehusking area. The engineering-development process comprised problem identification, computer-aided design, fabrication and assembly, machine testing, and descriptive data analysis. The pressing subsystem used a tension spring, rollers, a belt, and bolt-type lugs to maintain contact with the coconut, whereas the disposal subsystem used a belt conveyor positioned below the dehusking zone. Functional testing was conducted with ten mature coconuts with circumferences of 54.5–57.0 cm. The mean dehusking time was 8.85 s (SD = 0.80 s; range = 7.71–10.27 s). During the reported trials, the pressing mechanism maintained contact and guided coconut rotation, while the conveyor transported the removed husk to the collection area without reported manual clearing during the dehusking cycle. These findings demonstrate successful integration and proof-of-function under the tested conditions; they do not establish comparative performance improvement because no baseline machine was tested concurrently. Further work should quantify capacity, durability, energy use, safety, and performance across a wider range of coconut characteristics and operating conditions.
Co-Authors Adriyan Warroka Andri Firmansyah Yalisando Djefry Paulus Hosang Excellsdeo Jonathan Polii Ndahawali Fransiscus Josep Tulung Herotje Siwi I Komang Ardika Michael Edward Gregerio Kimbal Moody Noldy Tumembow Nazriel Jusuf Rick Resa Wahani Rifan Gabriel Pantow Silvy Dollorossa Boedi Tammy Tinny Veisy Pangow