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All Journal EDUCATIONE: Journal of Education Research and Review
Tammy Tinny Veisy Pangow
Politeknik Negeri Manado
Education Social Sciences

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SIMULATION-BASED DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A DUAL-AXIS SOLAR-TRACKING MECHATRONIC SYSTEM FOR A 50-WATT-PEAK PANEL Excellsdeo Jonathan Polii Ndahawali; I Komang Ardika; Priyono; Tammy Tinny Veisy Pangow; Adriyan Warroka
EDUCATIONE Volume 4, Issue 2, July 2026
Publisher : CV. TOTUS TUUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59397/edu.v4i2.288

Abstract

Dual-axis photovoltaic tracking requires coordinated mechanical, electronic, control, and safety subsystems. This simulation-based design study develops an integrated mechatronic architecture for a 50 Wp panel using an Arduino Mega 2560, four light-dependent resistors, two 3 N·m closed-loop NEMA 23 motors, 20:1 worm reducers, 20T:60T timing pulleys, normally closed limit switches, an anemometer, an RTC DS3231, driver alarms, and a hardware emergency stop. The outer loop uses normalized azimuth and elevation light errors, an eight-sample moving-average filter, a deadband equivalent to 0.5°, and dominant-axis pulse scheduling; the inner motor loop uses encoder feedback, and a supervisory state machine manages INIT, HOMING, TRACKING, HOLD, PARK, STOW, and FAULT modes. A deterministic seven-day scenario was evaluated from 08:00 to 17:00, comprising ten hourly reporting points and nine one-hour integration intervals per day (70 reported observations). The environmental and orientation profiles were prescribed for design evaluation rather than sampled from a documented field site. Under these assumptions, the tracked-panel model produced 283.93 Wh/day versus 237.48 Wh/day for the fixed comparator, a descriptive gain of 19.56%. The model-residual combined RMSE was 0.158°, maximum residual error was 0.44°, estimated actuator consumption was 0.495 Wh/day, and estimated net gain was 45.95 Wh/day. These values describe internal model behavior, not validated hardware performance. No physical prototype, independent output-shaft measurement, stochastic uncertainty analysis, or location-specific economic assessment was conducted. The contribution is therefore a system-level integration and verification framework, together with explicit requirements for subsequent prototype and field validation.
ARDUINO UNO DIGITAL DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILE BATTERY VOLTAGE AND CURRENT MONITORING Leonardo Pasla; Yohanis Prasetyo Dalekes; Jeditjah Naapia Tamedi; Tammy Tinny Veisy Pangow; Alfred Noufie Mekel Mekel
EDUCATIONE Volume 4, Issue 2, July 2026
Publisher : CV. TOTUS TUUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59397/edu.v4i2.279

Abstract

Automobile batteries require practical monitoring of voltage and current to support early identification of abnormal operating conditions. This study aimed to design and implement an Arduino Uno-based digital display system for monitoring a nominal 12 V automobile battery. The prototype integrates a resistor-divider voltage sensor, an ACS712-20A current sensor, an LM2596 DC-DC converter, a 16×2 I2C liquid-crystal display, and a buzzer. A Research and Development approach organized as an engineering design cycle was used, covering system design, prototype assembly, functional testing, and evaluation. Voltage readings were compared with a digital multimeter at five test points and produced a mean absolute percentage error of 0.38%. Current readings were examined under five charging and discharging conditions and produced a mean absolute percentage error of 3.61%; the largest relative deviation occurred at the lowest-magnitude discharge point. The buzzer remained off at 11.50 V and activated below 11.50 V, confirming the programmed comparator logic. The findings support the prototype as a simple continuous voltage-current and status monitoring device under the tested conditions. The study does not establish direct ampere-hour capacity or validated state-of-charge estimation; further validation with calibrated reference instruments, repeated measurements, multiple batteries, environmental variation, and dynamic automotive loads is required.
DESIGN OF A DIGITAL DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR MONITORING RADIATOR TEMPERATURE ON FOUR-WHEELED VEHICLES I Made Wely Prayoga; Yanse Arfinando Janis; Jedithjah Naapia Tamedi Papia; Herotje Siwi; Tammy Tinny Veisy Pangow
EDUCATIONE Volume 4, Issue 2, July 2026
Publisher : CV. TOTUS TUUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59397/edu.v4i2.284

Abstract

Engine overheating can develop when radiator coolant temperature is not monitored adequately, while conventional dashboard indicators may provide limited numerical information. This study designed and evaluated an Arduino Uno-based digital display prototype for monitoring radiator coolant temperature in four-wheeled vehicles. The system integrated a DS18B20 temperature sensor, Arduino Uno, TM1637 driver, 3-digit 7-segment display, buzzer, and regulated power supply. Evaluation consisted of a three-point comparison against a digital thermometer and vehicle-scenario observations under idling, normal driving, and traffic-jam conditions with the air conditioning on. At reference temperatures of 30, 40, and 50°C, the sensor differed from the reference by 0–1°C, giving a mean absolute error of 0.33°C and a mean absolute percentage error of approximately 0.83%. Vehicle observations covered 32–94°C; the audible alarm remained inactive at 94°C because the programmed threshold was above 95°C. The findings demonstrate proof-of-concept feasibility for direct numerical coolant-temperature display under the reported conditions. However, the evidence does not establish universal vehicle applicability or superiority to factory indicators. Multi-vehicle calibration, repeated trials, quantitative response-time measurement, and durability testing are required before broader deployment.
DESIGN OF A DIGITAL DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR FUEL CONSUMPTION MONITORING IN FOUR-WHEELED VEHICLES Yohanis Prasetyo Dalekes; Leonardo Frando Pasla; Jedithjah Naapia Tamedi Papia; Alfred Noufie Mekel; Tammy Tinny Veisy Pangow
EDUCATIONE Volume 4, Issue 2, July 2026
Publisher : CV. TOTUS TUUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59397/edu.v4i2.286

Abstract

Real-time fuel-consumption information can support more transparent evaluation of vehicle operating efficiency, but low-cost direct-flow prototypes require validation before vehicle deployment. This study designed and evaluated a digital display prototype using an Arduino Uno microcontroller, a YF-B6 Hall-effect water-flow sensor, an LM2596 voltage regulator, and a 20×4 I2C LCD. A prototype-development procedure covered literature review, workflow analysis, hardware and software design, bench sensor testing, system integration, and evaluation. During bench testing with water, one reported sensor reading was compared with each nominal reference volume from 1 to 5 L. Percentage error was calculated as |V_actual − V_sensor|/V_actual × 100. The sensor readings were 0.98, 1.96, 2.95, 3.93, and 4.91 L, producing errors of 2.00%, 2.00%, 1.67%, 1.75%, and 1.80%, respectively, with an average error of 1.84%. All pointwise errors were below the YF-B6 ±3% specification. The readings consistently under-reported the nominal volumes, indicating a systematic calibration bias that may be addressed through calibration correction. Because the prototype was tested with water rather than automotive fuel and was not validated on a moving vehicle, the results demonstrate bench-scale volumetric performance rather than final on-vehicle fuel-consumption accuracy. The system is therefore positioned as a low-cost proof of concept for subsequent fuel-compatible and on-vehicle validation.
DIAGNOSING THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR SIGNAL INTERFERENCE IN ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNITS: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR AUTOMOTIVE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Muhammad Ega Pratama; Tammy Tinny Veisy Pangow; Fransiscus Josep Tulung
EDUCATIONE Volume 4, Issue 2, July 2026
Publisher : CV. TOTUS TUUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59397/edu.v4i2.306

Abstract

Accurate sensor signals are essential for reliable Electronic Control Unit (ECU) operation in modern automotive systems; however, Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) degradation may generate intermittent signals that are difficult to detect through visual inspection alone. This study aimed to identify the mechanism of TPS interference, examine its effects on ECU signal processing and engine performance, and evaluate corrective measures with implications for automotive vocational diagnostics. An experimental diagnostic approach was conducted on a Daihatsu Xenia 1.0 Non-VVT-i equipped with an EJ-DE engine. Data were obtained through physical inspection, TPS output-voltage measurements across different throttle-opening angles, OBD-II Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) analysis, ECU live-data observation, and post-repair verification. The results revealed wear on the TPS resistive track and mild connector corrosion, producing unstable voltage fluctuations of 0.3–4.8 V within the 45°–55° throttle-opening range. The anomalies were associated with DTCs P0121, P0122, P0300, and P0171, unstable idle speeds of 550–950 rpm, acceleration hesitation, and ECU fail-safe operation. Replacing the TPS, cleaning the connector, recalibrating the system, and clearing the DTCs restored linear voltage output, stabilized idle speed at approximately 750 rpm, and normalized acceleration response. The study concludes that TPS interference disrupts ECU functional accuracy without causing permanent internal ECU damage. These findings provide an evidence-based diagnostic sequence that can strengthen troubleshooting competencies in automotive vocational education. Future research should validate the diagnostic framework across different vehicle models, sensor technologies, and vocational learning environments.
Co-Authors Adriyan Warroka Alfred Noufie Mekel Alfred Noufie Mekel Mekel Excellsdeo Jonathan Polii Ndahawali Fransiscus Josep Tulung Herotje Siwi I Komang Ardika I Made Wely Prayoga Jedithjah Naapia Tamedi Papia Jeditjah Naapia Tamedi Leonardo Frando Pasla Leonardo Pasla Muhammad Ega Pratama Priyono Yanse Arfinando Janis Yohanis Prasetyo Dalekes