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All Journal Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry
Alvin Romadhoni Putra Hidayat
Department of Chemistry, Universitas Diponegoro
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry

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Comparative Review of Cellulose Acetate, Polyacrylonitrile, and Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Hydrophilic Membranes for Desalination Romario Abdullah; Alvin Romadhoni Putra Hidayat; Novia Amalia Sholeha
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1 tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2026.32005

Abstract

The issue of clean water scarcity has become one of the most critical challenges threatening the global population today. It is estimated that approximately 6 billion people will experience water stress and shortages by 2050. One promising solution to address this challenge is the implementation of desalination technologies to convert seawater into freshwater. Among the available approaches, membrane-based desalination offers significant advantages, including lower energy requirements, cost-effective fabrication, and improved environmental sustainability. Polymeric membranes with high hydrophilicity have shown considerable potential for further development, particularly those based on cellulose acetate (CA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), each exhibiting distinct advantages as materials for desalination applications. Key parameters influencing membrane performance include hydrophilicity, permeability, membrane thickness, pore size, and porosity. Based on the reviewed studies, membranes synthesized using PVA demonstrate superior characteristics in terms of permeability, optimal thickness, pore size, and porosity. These properties contribute to enhanced water flux and salt rejection performance compared to membranes fabricated from CA and PAN
Study of MnO₂/Ni-MCM-41 Catalyst for CO Oxidation in Motorcycle Exhaust Emissions Alvin Romadhoni Putra Hidayat; Alvin Rahmad Widyanto; Ratna Ediati; Hafildatur Rosyidah; Romario Abdullah
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1 tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2026.31910

Abstract

Incomplete combustion in vehicles produces hazardous gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), which is harmful to human health. This study aimed to synthesize MnO₂/Ni-MCM-41 as a catalyst for CO oxidation to CO₂. MCM-41 was synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by Ni doping to form Ni-MCM-41 and subsequent wet impregnation to obtain MnO₂/Ni-MCM-41. The materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and N₂ physisorption, while catalytic activity for CO oxidation was evaluated using a four-stroke motorcycle. FTIR spectra showed a band at 1633.76 cm⁻¹ attributed to –OH vibrations corresponding to Si–OH groups in MCM-41, whereas XRD patterns exhibited characteristic peaks at 2θ = 2.5° for MCM-41 and 2θ = 25° for δ-MnO₂. TEM analysis confirmed the hexagonal mesostructure of MCM-41, consistent with previous reports, while N₂ physisorption revealed a type IV isotherm, indicating a mesoporous structure. Ni incorporation decreased the specific surface area but enhanced the number of active sites. Increasing reaction time reduced CO concentration, while CO₂ concentration increased correspondingly. The optimum catalytic performance was obtained for MnO₂/Ni-MCM-41 with an impregnation time of 10 h.
Co-Authors Alvin Rahmad Widyanto Hafildatur Rosyidah Novia Amalia Sholeha Ratna Ediati Romario Abdullah Romario Abdullah