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All Journal Jurnal Suara Hukum Journal of Law and Legal Reform International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia
Ayup Suran Ningsih
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Legal Harmonization and Implementation Challenges of the ASEAN Agreement on Electronic Commerce: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Malaysia Aprila Niravita; Ayup Suran Ningsih; Hazlina Binti Shaik MD Noor Alam; Faizin Sulistio; Harumsari Puspa Wardhani
International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ildisea.v5i1.40788

Abstract

The rapid growth of e-commerce in Southeast Asia has intensified the need for a harmonized legal framework to ensure legal certainty, protect consumers, and facilitate cross-border digital trade. This issue is closely aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on promoting sustainable economic growth through digital trade and SDG 16 on strengthening effective legal institutions and access to justice, while also supporting digital innovation under SDG 9. In response, ASEAN adopted the ASEAN Agreement on Electronic Commerce (AAEC) as a regional instrument to advance digital economic integration among its member states. This study examines the harmonization and implementation of AAEC provisions in Indonesia and Malaysia and identifies the challenges affecting their effective application. Employing a comparative juridical approach, the research analyzes national regulations governing electronic commerce and digital trade, supported by policy documents, official reports, and relevant empirical studies. The novelty of this research lies in evaluating both the conformity of domestic regulations with AAEC provisions and the practical implementation challenges influencing regional legal harmonization. The findings demonstrate that both countries have incorporated the core principles of the AAEC into their domestic legal frameworks, particularly regarding recognition of electronic transactions, consumer protection, and personal data governance. Nevertheless, substantial differences remain in regulatory readiness, institutional coordination, enforcement capacity, digital infrastructure, and the preparedness of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Malaysia exhibits stronger institutional readiness and regulatory consistency, whereas Indonesia continues to face regulatory fragmentation and uneven implementation across sectors. The study concludes that effective AAEC implementation depends not only on harmonized legal norms but also on robust institutions, coordinated enforcement, and inclusive digital capacity-building. These findings contribute to the development of regional digital trade governance by providing policy recommendations to strengthen legal harmonization, institutional cooperation, and digital inclusion, thereby supporting ASEAN's digital economic integration.
Optimizing Digital Technology and Institutional Reform to Elevate the International Reputation of Universities in Indonesia and Malaysia Irawaty Irawaty; Dani Muhtada; Dina Silvia Puteri; Roziya Abu; Ayup Suran Ningsih
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): April, 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i2.21074

Abstract

Indonesian universities are increasingly expected to enhance their international reputation, particularly in comparison to Malaysian institutions, which have achieved higher global rankings. Key indicators of international recognition include publications, citations, and research. This study aims to compare the use of digital media by universities in Indonesia and Malaysia in supporting these indicators. The research will address three main questions: the role of government regulations and facilities in both countries in shaping university reputation, how universities utilize their official websites or portals, and the similarities and differences in digital strategies. A qualitative comparative approach will be applied, using primary data from regulations and university portals, along with secondary sources such as interviews, literature, and media. Relevant regulations include Indonesia’s Higher Education Law and Malaysia’s Education Act 1996. This study focuses on the digital presence of Universitas Negeri Semarang (Indonesia) and Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia. While both institutions utilize digital platforms, UiTM has shown more advancements in e-learning and digitizing administrative processes. In contrast, Universitas Negeri Semarang continues to improve its digital content to enhance accessibility and interactivity. By analyzing these approaches, this study seeks to highlight best practices and areas for improvement, ultimately contributing to the broader effort of strengthening Indonesian universities’ global standing.
BPI Danantara as A Hybrid Entity in Indonesian Economic Law Paramita Prananingtyas; Moh. Asadullah Hasan Al Asy'arie; Ayup Suran Ningsih; Hazlina Shaik Md Noor Alam
Jurnal Suara Hukum Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Suara Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jsh.v8n2.p466-499

Abstract

Danantara, Indonesia’s newly established sovereign wealth investment institution, is designed to consolidate and optimize state assets while operating with corporate efficiency. Its hybrid public–corporate character makes the governance question urgent: it must enable investment discretion without weakening public accountability, transparency, and anti-corruption safeguards. This article employs a normative juridical method using secondary legal materials, combining statutory and conceptual approaches. The study examines the principal legislation and implementing regulations establishing Danantara and situates them within doctrines on sovereign wealth fund governance, good corporate governance, and the business judgment rule. The analysis shows that the framework grants wide managerial powers and a corporate-style governance structure, yet leaves accountability vulnerabilities, including unclear public-official status of managers, discretionary oversight provisions, and exposure to political influence over business decisions. The article concludes that Danantara’s legitimacy and performance depend on mandatory oversight rules, arm’s-length decision-making, transparent investment audit trails for major transactions, robust conflict-of-interest controls, independent audit access, and merit-based appointments, so prudent risk-taking is protected while impunity is prevented.
Co-Authors Aprila Niravita Dani Muhtada Dina Silvia Puteri Faizin Sulistio Harumsari Puspa Wardhani Hazlina Binti Shaik MD Noor Alam Hazlina Shaik Md Noor Alam Irawaty Irawaty Moh. Asadullah Hasan Al Asy'arie Paramita Prananingtyas Roziya Abu