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Musnawati
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

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Value Chain Analysis of the Hajj Economic Ecosystem: Accommodation, Transportation, Consumption, and Retail Musnawati
Journal of Emerging Economics and Business Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): August
Publisher : Suria Academic Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67467/jeeb.v1i3.156

Abstract

Indonesia's position as the world's largest sender of Hajj pilgrims, dispatching over 220,000 pilgrims annually from a Muslim population of roughly 244.7 million, places the Hajj-Umrah ecosystem at the center of a multi-trillion-rupiah economy extending beyond religion into banking, accommodation, transportation, and trade. Yet studies systematically integrating this economic multiplier effect with institutional governance challenges remain limited. This study analyzes the strategic role of Indonesia's Hajj-Umrah ecosystem as a multi-sector economic driver while identifying its accompanying governance challenges. A qualitative, descriptive-analytical design was employed, combining primary data from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders, and secondary data from academic journals, institutional reports, and comparative case studies from Malaysia and Pakistan, with informants selected via purposive sampling and data analyzed through thematic coding and triangulation. Findings reveal six interconnected components travel agencies, accommodation, transportation, Islamic finance, religious tourism, and commodity trade each with distinct contributions and constraints. Growth proves asymmetric: Islamic finance and accommodation, anchored by mature institutions like BPKH, show accelerating performance, while religious tourism and commodity trade remain hindered by fragmented governance. These results refine the transnational multiplier effect framework by showing institutional maturity, not sectoral scale alone, drives differential outcomes. The study recommends strengthening lagging components and conducting further quantitative, cross-country research.
Mapping the Potential and Challenges of Islamic Economics in Riau Province: A Comparative Study of Districts/Cities Based on the Islamic Economic Index Sabarno Dwirianto; Martin; Musnawati; Roza Linda; Rendika Adisman
Journal of Emerging Economics and Business Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): August
Publisher : Suria Academic Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67467/jeeb.v1i3.159

Abstract

Islamic economics has become one of the strategic pillars of regional economic development in Indonesia, including in Riau Province, which holds substantial potential that has not yet been systematically mapped at the district/city level. This study aims to map the potential and challenges of Islamic economic development in Riau Province through a comparative approach across regions based on Islamic Economic Index indicators. The research employs a library research design with a systematic literature review approach and descriptive-qualitative analysis. Data sources consist of official publications from authoritative institutions (BPS Riau Province, Bank Indonesia, KNEKS, OJK, and the Riau Provincial Government) as well as academic literature collected through documentary study techniques and analyzed using content analysis and descriptive-comparative analysis. The results show that Riau holds an institutional advantage as the first province to simultaneously have a Governor Regulation on Islamic Economics, a Regional Committee for Islamic Economy and Finance (KDEKS), and a fully sharia-based regional development bank. The halal industry sector has grown significantly, with halal-certified businesses increasing from 16,050 to 35,432 between 2023 and 2026, accompanied by halal export values reaching US$10.43 billion. Riau's financial literacy and inclusion indices were recorded as the highest nationally, although Islamic financial literacy specifically still lags behind. The study also found variation in potential across districts/cities, indicating the need for differentiated policy approaches to Islamic economic development. This research contributes theoretically by enriching subnational Islamic economic mapping studies and practically by serving as a reference for local governments and KDEKS in formulating more contextual and data-driven policies for Islamic economic development in Riau Province.
Co-Authors Martin Rendika Adisman Roza Linda Sabarno Dwirianto