Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.444
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Acta Neurologica Indonesia
Hasan, Sandy
Unknown Affiliation
Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

Published : 2 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 2 Documents
Search

 1 
Pain as a Mental State: A Narrative Review of the Multidimensional Aspects of Pain Riyanto Sofyan, Henry; Hasan, Sandy
Acta Neurologica Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 04 (2025): Acta Neurologica Indonesia
Publisher : Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69868/ani.v3i04.147

Abstract

Introduction: Pain is a complex subjective experience that involves not only sensory-discriminative but also affective-motivational, cognitive-evaluative, behavioral and social dimensions. Contemporary perspectives on pain have shifted from simplistic linear models toward a conceptualization of pain as a multidimensional mental state generated by the brain. This narrative review aims to summarize the perspectives of pain within multidimensional aspects by understanding pain as an evolving framework associated with mental health, validated by assessment instruments, and its clinical implications. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed and ScienceDirect with keyword related to pain, chronic pain, acute pain, mental status, psychological state, mental health, multidimensional, biopsychosocial model, cognitive, affective, and sensory. A total of fifteen literatures were reviewed and analyzed. Discussion: The literature indicates that pain is a brain-generated phenomenon integrating sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational, cognitive-evaluative, behavioral, and social dimensions. Strong associations were identified between chronic pain and depression, anxiety, and the mental state of pain patients. Validated multidimensional pain assessment instruments are available for adult and pediatric populations as well as for specific clinical conditions; however, gaps remain in cross-cultural validation and in assessments tailored to older adult populations. Conclusion: Pain should be understood as a multidimensional mental state that requires comprehensive assessment and integrated intervention strategies. A biopsychosocial approach combining pharmacological management, psychological interventions, and functional rehabilitation represents best practice in chronic pain management. Future research should strengthen cross-population validation, integrate neurobiological measures with longitudinal psychosocial data, and develop mechanism-based personalized models of pain management.
The Representation of Headache and Pain Through the Lens of Cultural Neuroscience Riyanto Sofyan, Henry; Hasan, Sandy
Acta Neurologica Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026): Acta Neurologica Indonesia
Publisher : Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background: Headache is a universally experienced neurological condition; however, its representation and subjective interpretation vary considerably across cultural contexts. Cultural neuroscience provides an integrative framework for understanding how sociocultural influences shape headache and pain experiences through identifiable neural mechanisms. Objective: This narrative review synthesizes empirical and epidemiological evidence regarding cross-cultural variations in headache presentation, psychophysical pain profiles, and systemic clinical management barriers across diverse global populations. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted across the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases to identify peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2026 focusing on cultural neuroscience, primary headache disorders, and cross-cultural pain perception. A total of 20 articles meeting eligibility criteria were selected for qualitative narrative synthesis. Results: Cross-cultural differences in headache expression are heavily driven by lived experiences of socioenvironmental stress and structural inequities. Chronic exposure to systemic discrimination, lower socioeconomic status, and acculturation stress function as physical stressors that accelerate central sensitization and the chronification of episodic headaches. Furthermore, culturally distinct illness models and expectations of clinical stoicism significantly influence symptom communication, contributing to diagnostic misclassification. Finally, structural healthcare barriers perpetuate profound inequities in patient access to novel, targeted migraine therapies. Conclusion: Nociceptive processing appears to be relatively consistent across populations, whereas cultural factors influence the affective and contextual modulation of headache through identifiable neural circuits. Clinical implications highlight the importance of culturally informed assessment strategies and personalized therapeutic interventions.
Co-Authors Riyanto Sofyan, Henry