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All Journal KRTHA BHAYANGKARA Jurnal Rechts Vinding : Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional
Rofiq Maysal
Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Systemic Outcome Accountability for PT KAI’s Third-Party Level-Crossing Liability Under The 2025 SOE Reform Rofiq Maysal; Diana Fitriana
KRTHA BHAYANGKARA Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): KRTHA BHAYANGKARA: AUGUST 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31599/krtha.v20i2.5407

Abstract

Recurring level-crossing accidents expose an imbalance between railway risks and legal protection for third parties. This study examines PT Kereta Api Indonesia’s civil liability after the 2025 State-Owned Enterprise reform and develops a model based on Systemic Outcome Accountability Theory. Using normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, case-illustrative, and limited functional-comparative approaches, the study finds that Article 159(1) of Law Number 23 of 2007 retains a fault-based standard that disadvantages victims because crucial operational and technical evidence remains controlled by operators and public authorities. Regulatory fragmentation also distributes safety duties without an integrated compensation and recourse mechanism. The 2025 reform reinforces PT KAI’s separate corporate responsibility while preserving its public-service obligations. This study proposes a three-layer framework consisting of limited strict liability toward victims, proportional recourse among contributing actors, and corporate risk governance supported by evidence disclosure, mandatory third-party insurance, and a dedicated railway accident compensation fund for third parties.
MENGURAI KOTAK HITAM ALGORITMA: ADMINISTRASI HUKUM DATA PERSAINGAN DIGITAL OLEH KPPU Diana Fitriana; Rofiq Maysal
Jurnal Rechts Vinding Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Vol 15, No 2 (2026): Administrasi Hukum Dalam Pengelolaan Data Hukum
Publisher : Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33331/rechtsvinding.v15i2.2581

Abstract

Dominasi platform digital mengubah karakter penegakan hukum persaingan usaha karena praktik anti-persaingan semakin bertumpu pada penguasaan data, algoritma rekomendasi, dan sistem penentuan harga digital. Persoalan ini menguat karena algoritma platform bekerja sebagai kotak hitam yang menentukan peringkat, rekomendasi, harga, dan akses pasar, tetapi sulit diuji oleh otoritas persaingan usaha. Artikel ini menganalisis problem tersebut dan merumuskan model rekonstruksi administrasi hukum data persaingan digital oleh Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data platform perlu diposisikan sebagai data hukum persaingan digital ketika diminta, diklasifikasi, diaudit, dan digunakan dalam pengawasan serta pembuktian. Rekonstruksi yang disarankan mencakup klasifikasi data, kewajiban pengungkapan data terbatas, audit algoritma berbasis due process, pembentukan unit forensik data digital, dan integrasi data pengawasan ke dalam pembinaan hukum nasional. Artikel ini merekomendasikan penerapan bertahap melalui Peraturan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha, revisi terbatas Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999, dan koordinasi lintas lembaga.
Co-Authors Diana Fitriana