Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Journal of Business Management Futures in Agro-Food Economics and Logistics Analytics Journal
Alwan Abdurahman
State Polytechnic of Jember
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Driven to Stay or Prone to Leave? Exploring Distributor Retention in MLM Through Herzberg’s Lens Oktanita Jaya Anggraeni; Alwan Abdurahman; Amalia Dwi Marseva; Jemi Cahya Adi Wijaya
Journal of Business Management Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): August
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jobm.v3i1.145

Abstract

Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) companies depend heavily on the loyalty and continuity of their distributor networks. However, distributor retention remains a significant challenge due to factors such as dissatisfaction with compensation and lack of recognition. This study investigates the influence of motivator and hygiene factors on distributor retention using Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. Employing a quantitative correlational design, data were collected from 200 active MLM distributors across Indonesia through a structured questionnaire. The results reveal that both motivator and hygiene factors significantly influence distributor retention, with motivators showing a stronger impact. These findings underscore the importance of intrinsic job satisfaction elements in designing effective distributor retention strategies. The study extends the application of Herzberg’s theory to the MLM industry, emphasizing its relevance in informal and network-based business settings.
Revealing the True Cost of Food: A Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainability in the Agri-Food Sector Dian Rizky; Alwan Abdurahman; Bagus Putu Yudhia Kurniawan; Retno Sari Mahanani; Ida Adha Anrosana Pongoh; Datik Lestari
Futures in Agro-Food Economics and Logistics Analytics Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): June
Publisher : PT Litera Integra Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67580/fafela.v1i2.15

Abstract

The spice industry, especially the production of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), plays an important role in Indonesia's agricultural economy. However, the complexity of the vanilla cultivation and post-harvest process has the potential to create significant ecological stress. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impact of vanilla production in Indonesia using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach based on ISO 14040/14044 standards and the ReCiPe 2016 method. The functional unit used is one kilogram of dry vanilla, ready for consumption, with a cradle-to-gate system limit. Data was collected from a combination of field surveys, farmer interviews, and Ecoinvent's secondary database. The results of the analysis show that the cultivation stage contributes the greatest to Global Warming Potential, eutrophication, and acidification, mainly due to the use of nitrogen fertilizers and conventional irrigation systems. The biomass combustion-based post-harvest drying process also contributes to SO₂ and NOₓ emissions. The variability between production areas (Papua, Bali, and East Java) indicates the importance of a local context-based approach in mitigation strategies. This study recommends the adoption of low-emission drying technologies, the use of organic fertilizers, and efficient irrigation as technical steps, as well as the need to integrate LCA in national agricultural policies. This study confirms the strategic role of LCA not only as an evaluative tool but also as the foundation of the sustainability policy of the spice sector in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Amalia Dwi Marseva Bagus Putu Yudhia Kurniawan Datik Lestari Dian Rizky Ida Adha Anrosana Pongoh Jemi Cahya Adi Wijaya Oktanita Jaya Anggraeni Retno Sari Mahanani