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All Journal PNEUMATIKOS: Jurnal Teologi/Kependetaan Majalah Ilmiah METHODA
Pintor Marihot Sitanggang
STT HKBP PEMATANGSIANTAR
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Gereja Orang Miskin: Studi Teologi Sistematika terhadap Dalil ke-43 Martin Luther dan Relevansinya bagi Teologi Sosial HKBP dalam Konteks Kemiskinan Kontemporer Ericxon Ebenezer Nainggolan; Pintor Marihot Sitanggang
PNEUMATIKOS: Jurnal Teologi Kependetaan Vol. 17 No. 1: Juli 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Alkitab Penyebaran Injil (STAPIN) Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56438/pneuma.v17i1.188

Abstract

The Church continues to face significant challenges in responding to poverty, social inequality, and the marginalization of vulnerable communities. This article examines the theological meaning of poverty from a Christian systematic theology perspective by analyzing Martin Luther’s Forty-Third Thesis and contextualizing its relevance within the theological documents of the Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP). Employing a qualitative theological approach through literature analysis, this study explores biblical perspectives on poverty, Luther’s theological critique of Christian attitudes toward wealth and poverty, and HKBP’s understanding of the Church’s social responsibility. The findings indicate that Luther’s Forty-Third Thesis emphasizes that Christian faith requires active solidarity, compassion, and responsibility toward the poor rather than merely offering religious sympathy. Furthermore, the study reveals that HKBP’s theological documents reflect a contextual understanding of the Church as an institution called to participate in social transformation through advocacy, empowerment, and service to marginalized groups. This article contributes to theological studies by integrating Luther’s Reformation theology with the contextual social theology of HKBP, demonstrating that the concept of the “Church of the Poor” is not only a theological ideal but also a practical ecclesiological commitment in addressing contemporary poverty.
Manusia Menururt Teologi John Wesley dalam Membangun Toleransi dan Solidaritas Gereja Methodist Indonesia (GMI) di Wilayah I Runggu Hutauruk; Pintor Marihot Sitanggang; Riris Johanna Siagian
Majalah Ilmiah METHODA Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Majalah Ilmiah METHODA
Publisher : Universitas Methodist Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46880/methoda.Vol15No2.pp181-189

Abstract

The doctrine of the Imago Dei is a fundamental Christian concept regarding human beings, which can be generally divided into three categories: capacity, function, and relationality, which distinguishes them from other creation. Capacity concerns the inherent abilities of humans, such as reason, emotion, and will. Function concerns humans as social beings and as stewards of themselves, others, and other creations. Relationality addresses the relationship with God as the source of life, both physical and spiritual. In relation to other creations, the Bible teaches that humans are noble creatures, given the image of God and stewardship over nature and other creations. Human dignity and worth are due to the image of God within them. This is a crucial concept for human dignity and human rights. In John Wesley's doctrine, man as the Imago Dei consists of a natural image; a political image; and a moral image. The natural image of God in man includes: free will, intellect, and eternity. God gave man free will, but this free will is a responsible free will, unlike the free will of animals, where humans can distinguish between right and wrong, while animals cannot. Therefore, human freedom of will demands responsibility. Then, humans are given an intellect that exceeds that of other creations of God on earth. Humans with their intellect (reason) can understand the truth.
Co-Authors Ericxon Ebenezer Nainggolan Riris Johanna Siagian Runggu Hutauruk