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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Bangkit Maulana
Universitas Mataram
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Assessing Indonesia’s Social Forestry Achievements within the Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (ENDC) Framework Bangkit Maulana; Taslim Sjah; Ketut Budastra
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11060

Abstract

Global climate change demands concrete commitment from every country to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Indonesia established Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution with emission reduction targets of 31.89% unconditionally and 43.20% conditionally by 2030, with Forest and Other Land Use sector as key to achieving Net Sink 2030. Social Forestry program plays strategic role but faces complex challenges related to community capacity, institutional coordination, and regulatory alignment. This study analyzes position and contribution of Social Forestry toward Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution achievement using Systematic Literature Review of 25 publications from 2020-2025. Secondary data from policy documents and official reports were analyzed using DPSIR Framework approach. Results show Social Forestry program until 2024 covers 8.02 million hectares of 12.7 million hectares target with carbon stock reaching 110.5 million tons CO2eq and potential contribution of 34.6% toward forestry sector emission reduction target. Program successfully reduced deforestation rate to lowest level in 20 years at 115,459 hectares in 2019-2020. Main challenges include limited community capacity, excessive administrative burden, weak coordination, and regulatory misalignment. Optimization requires capacity strengthening, procedure simplification, effective coordination, regulatory synchronization, and integration with carbon economic value schemes to achieve Forest and Other Land Use Net Sink 2030.
Contribution of Social Forestry to Carbon Stock Reserves through Land Cover Change Analysis in the Forest Management Unit Area I NTB Bangkit Maulana; Taslim Sjah; Hayati Hayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12619

Abstract

Social forestry is one of the policy instruments expected to maintain forest carbon stock while supporting the achievement of Indonesia's climate change mitigation targets. This study aims to analyse the dynamics of carbon stock in social forestry areas within the Forest Management Unit (KPH) Region I of West Nusa Tenggara and to evaluate the difference in carbon stock before and after permit issuance. A before-after approach was applied to 45 Forest Farmer Groups, using the year of decree issuance as the reference point over a span of five years before to five years after issuance. Carbon stock was estimated by multiplying the area of each land cover class by its carbon factor, and the difference between periods was tested using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results show that the total carbon stock of the area declined from 1,594,074 tons C to 1,038,944 tons C, a reduction of 555,130 tons C equivalent to 2,035,475 tons of CO2-equivalent. As many as 37 of the 45 groups experienced a decline, and the statistical test confirmed a significant difference between conditions before and after permit issuance (p < 0.001). This decline was primarily caused by the conversion of forested land cover into agricultural land with lower carbon factors. These findings indicate that the issuance of social forestry permits in the study area has not succeeded in maintaining carbon stock, thus requiring strengthened post-permit governance and supervision so that social forestry can contribute positively to the Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030 target.
Co-Authors Hayati Hayati Ketut Budastra Taslim Sjah