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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
M. Badzlul Rahmansyah
Universitas Mataram
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Comprehensive Literature Review Baiq Salwa Nadira Alifa; Velda Mufarrihati Jacindalya; Desak Putu Candraningtyas; M. Badzlul Rahmansyah; Alya Nabila Putri; Faiza Firdausy; I Nyoman Rhino Raditya; Safrizal Raditya Wardana; Syifa’ul Layaliy; Baiq Widya Kaweryan; Istiazah Ramadhani; Latifa Ainun Pratiwi; Muh. As’ad Hamzah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.11692

Abstract

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with increasing global prevalence that adversely affects quality of life and may lead to complications such as Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This narrative review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of GERD. A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI, and ScienceDirect for peer-reviewed articles and clinical guidelines published between 2021 and 2026. Twenty-two relevant articles in English and Indonesian were included. GERD results from an imbalance between aggressive factors, including transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, hiatal hernia, increased intra-abdominal pressure, and impaired esophageal motility, and the esophageal mucosal defense system. Non-Erosive Reflux Disease (NERD) is the most common phenotype, accounting for approximately 60–70% of cases. Diagnosis is based on symptom assessment supported by validated tools such as the GERD-Q questionnaire, ambulatory pH monitoring, and endoscopy when indicated. Proton pump inhibitors remain the first-line pharmacological therapy, complemented by lifestyle modification, while surgery is reserved for refractory or complicated cases. A patient-centered, evidence-based approach integrating early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and patient education is essential to improve outcomes and prevent disease progression.  
Empyema Thoracis: A Comprehensive Literature Review Alfi Salma Q Rani; Baiq Salwa Nadira Alifa; M. Badzlul Rahmansyah; Atiella Denisa Puriarta Lazuara; Rina Lestari
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12953

Abstract

Empyema thoracis is a severe pleural infection characterized by the accumulation of purulent fluid within the pleural cavity, most commonly as a complication of pneumonia. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. This review aimed to synthesize recent evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of empyema thoracis, highlighting current advances in clinical practice. A literature review was conducted using articles retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar published between 2015 and 2025. A total of 48 eligible articles, including original studies, systematic reviews, and international clinical guidelines, were analyzed. The findings indicate that disease stage at presentation and timely pleural drainage are the most consistent prognostic factors. Early-stage empyema is generally managed successfully with antibiotics and image-guided pleural drainage, whereas delayed treatment often requires surgical intervention, including video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or decortication. The novelty of this review lies in integrating recent evidence and clinical guidelines to compare stage-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Early multidisciplinary management with treatment tailored to the stage of empyema is essential to improve clinical outcomes, reduce complications, and support evidence-based decision-making in clinical practice.
Co-Authors Alfi Salma Q Rani Alya Nabila Putri Atiella Denisa Puriarta Lazuara Baiq Salwa Nadira Alifa Baiq Widya Kaweryan Desak Putu Candraningtyas Faiza Firdausy I Nyoman Rhino Raditya Istiazah Ramadhani Latifa Ainun Pratiwi Muh. As’ad Hamzah Rina Lestari Safrizal Raditya Wardana Syifa’ul Layaliy Velda Mufarrihati Jacindalya