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Rina Lestari
Universitas Mataram
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Differences in RDW Values of COVID-19 Patients with Pneumonia and Without Pneumonia at RSUM and RSUDP NTB Indri Setiawati; Moulid Hidayat; Rina Lestari
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v23i1.5849

Abstract

Pneumonia coinfection in COVID-19 patients can be an important risk factor for patient mortality. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a predictor that can determine clinical outcomes in patients with respiratory tract infections and serious illnesses, so researchers want to conduct research to determine the difference in RDW values in COVID-19 patients with and without pneumonia at RSUM and RSUDP NTB. The design of this research is cross sectional. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling. There were 110 COVID-19 patient data used in this research. Data collection uses medical record notes. The statistical analysis used was the Mann-Whitney test. The average age of patients was 48 years ± 16 years. Most of the subjects were male (53.6%). The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (21.8%). The average RDW values in COVID-19 patients with and without pneumonia were 13.9% and 13.1%. The difference in the mean RDW value in the two groups is 0.8%. This study found that clinically there were differences in the RDW values of COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and without pneumonia at RSUM and RSUDP NTB.
Upper Airway Obstruction as a Life-Threatening Emergency Firman Khalif Yuwono; Arsy Muchlisa Putri; Baiq Whafiq Azizah; Septrajismi Dinda Juwita; Rina Lestari
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12111

Abstract

Upper airway obstruction (UAO) is a life-threatening emergency characterized by partial or complete blockage of airflow through the upper respiratory tract due to mechanical obstruction or anatomical narrowing. It may occur acutely or chronically and result from congenital or acquired conditions, including infection, inflammation, trauma, malignancy, anatomical abnormalities, and foreign body aspiration. This study employed a literature review by analyzing publications retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Clinically, UAO presents with noisy breathing, including stertor and stridor, accompanied by dyspnea, dysphagia, hypoxemia, and respiratory distress. Children are particularly susceptible because of their relatively smaller airways. Diagnosis is established through history taking, physical examination, flexible laryngoscopy, and imaging studies such as neck radiography and computed tomography. Management focuses on restoring airway patency and maintaining adequate oxygenation through interventions including endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy, cricothyrotomy, high-flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure, and the Heimlich maneuver for foreign body airway obstruction. Delayed recognition and treatment may lead to respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely emergency management are essential to improve clinical outcomes.
Acute Pharyngitis and Acute Laryngitis as Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: A Literature Review Andi Frieskha Naurah Paradiesta; Amanda Azkiyah Rachman; Tsania Zulfa Salsabila; Anak Agung Ayu Regina Larasati; Muhammad Rifki; Rina Lestari
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12581

Abstract

Severe upper respiratory infections are a major health issue globally, including in Indonesia. Conditions like acute pharyngitis and acute laryngitis are frequently seen in medical settings and lead to many healthcare appointments. These illnesses vary in their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, necessitating a thorough comprehension for the best patient care. This article aims to review various aspects of acute pharyngitis and acute laryngitis, including definition, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, complications, prognosis, and prevention. A narrative literature review approach was employed using scientific sources obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and official publications of the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The selected literature included research articles, review articles, clinical guidelines, and relevant reference books. The review found that acute pharyngitis is predominantly caused by viral infections, although Group A Streptococcus (GAS) remains the most important bacterial pathogen due to its potential complications. Acute laryngitis is mainly caused by viral infections and is generally self-limiting. The diagnosis is made by gathering medical history, conducting a physical check, and performing additional tests if necessary. Treatment relies on the root cause and consists of supportive care, measures to ease symptoms, and antibiotic treatment in certain situations. Appropriate diagnosis and rational management are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.
Empyema Thoracis: A Comprehensive Literature Review Alfi Salma Q Rani; Baiq Salwa Nadira Alifa; M. Badzlul Rahmansyah; Atiella Denisa Puriarta Lazuara; Rina Lestari
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12953

Abstract

Empyema thoracis is a severe pleural infection characterized by the accumulation of purulent fluid within the pleural cavity, most commonly as a complication of pneumonia. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. This review aimed to synthesize recent evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of empyema thoracis, highlighting current advances in clinical practice. A literature review was conducted using articles retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar published between 2015 and 2025. A total of 48 eligible articles, including original studies, systematic reviews, and international clinical guidelines, were analyzed. The findings indicate that disease stage at presentation and timely pleural drainage are the most consistent prognostic factors. Early-stage empyema is generally managed successfully with antibiotics and image-guided pleural drainage, whereas delayed treatment often requires surgical intervention, including video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or decortication. The novelty of this review lies in integrating recent evidence and clinical guidelines to compare stage-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Early multidisciplinary management with treatment tailored to the stage of empyema is essential to improve clinical outcomes, reduce complications, and support evidence-based decision-making in clinical practice.
Co-Authors Alfi Salma Q Rani Amanda Azkiyah Rachman Anak Agung Ayu Regina Larasati Andi Frieskha Naurah Paradiesta Arsy Muchlisa Putri Atiella Denisa Puriarta Lazuara Baiq Salwa Nadira Alifa Baiq Whafiq Azizah Firman Khalif Yuwono Indri Setiawati M. Badzlul Rahmansyah Moulid Hidayat Muhammad Rifki Septrajismi Dinda Juwita Tsania Zulfa Salsabila