Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.408
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research
Ghani Phalosa
Republic of Indonesia Defense University
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Comparative Evidence on the Topical Wound-Healing Potential of Sap, Stem Bark, and Leaves of Pterocarpus indicus: A Narrative Review Tessalonika Shinta Ratriani; Astheria Eryani; Ghani Phalosa
Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Knowledge and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1909

Abstract

Skin wounds require coordinated control of inflammation, oxidative stress, microbial contamination, and tissue regeneration. Pterocarpus indicus has traditionally been used for inflammatory, infectious, and skin-related conditions, but the relative suitability of its sap, stem bark, and leaves for topical wound-healing development remains unclear. This narrative review comparatively evaluated the phytochemical characteristics, pharmacological activities, direct wound-healing evidence, processing considerations, safety, and sustainability of these three plant parts. Relevant literature was identified through Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, with priority given to phytochemical, in vitro, and in vivo studies. The reviewed evidence indicates that sap, stem bark, and leaves are pharmacologically distinct and should not be considered interchangeable materials. Stem bark currently provides the most direct wound-specific evidence through preclinical evaluation of re-epithelialization, although the findings remain preliminary and do not demonstrate superiority over the reference treatment. Leaves are supported mainly by antioxidant and antibacterial activities associated with flavonoids, terpenoids, and other secondary metabolites, whereas direct evidence for wound contraction and histopathological recovery remains insufficient. Sap contains flavonoids and has plausible astringent and antibacterial potential, but its chemical standardization, effective topical dose, dermal safety, formulation stability, and direct effects on tissue regeneration have not been adequately established. Consequently, none of the three plant parts can currently be considered definitively superior. Standardized head-to-head studies using equivalent doses, identical topical vehicles, relevant wound models, and integrated macroscopic, histopathological, microbiological, and safety outcomes are required to determine their comparative therapeutic value and translational feasibility.
Prostaglandin Analogues Versus Topical Beta-Blockers in the Initial Pharmacological Management of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Clinical Effectiveness and the Role of Medication Adherence Naufal Prama Putra; Ghani Phalosa; Andi Muhammad Fajri Rusdianto
Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Knowledge and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1974

Abstract

Primary open-angle glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy requiring sustained intraocular pressure control to prevent irreversible visual loss. Prostaglandin analogues and topical beta-blockers are widely used pharmacological therapies, although their clinical effectiveness is influenced by efficacy, safety, dosing convenience, and patient adherence. This narrative review compared the clinical effectiveness of both drug classes and examined the role of adherence in long-term treatment outcomes. Literature published primarily between 2021 and 2026 was identified from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Prostaglandin analogues generally provide greater and more sustained intraocular pressure reduction than topical beta-blockers, with once-daily administration offering an additional practical advantage. However, local ocular and periocular adverse effects may reduce treatment acceptance. Topical beta-blockers remain effective alternatives for selected patients, although cardiovascular and respiratory adverse effects require careful consideration. The clinical benefits of both therapies may be reduced by missed doses, incorrect eye-drop administration, adverse effects, treatment cost, and limited medication access. Therefore, prostaglandin analogues are generally preferred as initial pharmacological therapy, whereas topical beta-blockers remain appropriate for selected patients based on tolerability, comorbidities, accessibility, and the likelihood of sustained adherence.
Co-Authors Andi Muhammad Fajri Rusdianto Astheria Eryani Naufal Prama Putra Tessalonika Shinta Ratriani