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All Journal Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional AMMA : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
I Nyoman Aji Suadhana Rai
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta
Humanities Chemistry Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Nursing Social Sciences

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RESPON RUSIA DALAM MENANGGAPI PERLUASAN NATO DI EROPA TIMUR (1999-2022) Dyandara Sekar Pradipta; I Nyoman Aji Suadhana Rai
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 8 No 2 (2025): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v8i2.13666

Abstract

This research aims to comprehensively analyze how Russia has responded to NATO’s expansion in Eastern Europe during the 1999–2022 period. By applying the theories of Offensive Realism and the Security Dilemma concept, this study seeks to explain the dynamic action–reaction relationship between NATO’s enlargement policies and Russia’s defense strategies within the post–Cold War geopolitical context. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive–analytical approach, supported by a structured interview with Alexey Golovanov, Counselor at the Embassy of the Russian Federation in Jakarta, representing the Embassy of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Indonesia, as well as an extensive literature review of various secondary sources such as policy documents, military reports, and academic publications. The findings indicate that Russia’s responses have undergone significant transformation—from defense diplomacy strategies in the early 2000s to a more confrontational policy under Vladimir Putin’s leadership. This shift is reflected in large-scale military modernization, the strengthening of strategic alliances such as the CSTO and SCO, and direct involvement in armed conflicts in Georgia (2008), Crimea (2014), and Ukraine (2022). These findings suggest that Russia’s policy is not merely a reaction to external threats but represents a long-term strategy to preserve its geopolitical influence and maintain a balance of power with NATO in the Eastern European region. Keywords: Russia, NATO, Expansion, Security Dilemma, Offensive Realism.
Edukasi Deforestasi Dan Konservasi Lingkungan Bagi Kelompok PKK Di Desa Puraseda Dalam Mendukung SDG 13 Dan SDG 15 I Nyoman Aji Suadhana Rai; Early Nalvi Hoata Sahureka; Ferdinand Marcel Pindonta Barus; Nazwa Nurcantika; Bintang Hafizh Setiawan
AMMA : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 7 : Agustus (2026): AMMA : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : CV. Multi Kreasi Media

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Abstract

Forest loss has consequences beyond the reduction of tree cover, as it can also weaken the role of vegetation in protecting soil and regulating water. Against this background, a community service activity was organized for members of the Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) group in Puraseda Village, Leuwiliang District, Bogor Regency, with a focus on deforestation and environmental conservation. Held on 17 July 2026 under the IR-DEDICATE 2026 program, the activity involved 16 PKK members. The session included a presentation, a simple demonstration using two soil-surface models with different vegetation cover, a question-and-answer session, and educational games. The activity is reported descriptively on the basis of field observations, photographic documentation, and reflections from the organizing team. The demonstration allowed participants to observe differences between the two soil-surface models, while the discussion provided an opportunity to ask questions and respond to the material presented. In terms of the Sustainable Development Goals, the activity is most directly connected to SDG 15, particularly Target 15.2, through its emphasis on deforestation, vegetation functions, and conservation. Its relevance to SDG 13 is more limited, relating mainly to the educational dimension that overlaps with Target 13.3.
Co-Authors Bintang Hafizh Setiawan Dyandara Sekar Pradipta Early Nalvi Hoata Sahureka Ferdinand Marcel Pindonta Barus Nazwa Nurcantika