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Perlindungan Hukum bagi Dokter Terhadap Penolakan Tindakan Medis Pasien Terminal Berdasarkan Keadilan Substantif Arman Lany; Jeffy Marta; Irhazt Angga Denilza
JUSTITIA : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora Vol 9, No 2 (2026): JUSTITIA Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/justitia.v9i2.%p

Penolakan tindakan medis (informed consent refusal) oleh pasien sakit terminal menimbulkan dilema hukum yang mendalam di Indonesia, mempertemukan otonomi pasien dengan hak perlindungan hukum bagi dokter. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, setiap orang berhak menolak tindakan medis, namun keputusan tersebut menempatkan dokter pada posisi rentan terhadap tuntutan pidana, gugatan perdata, atau sanksi administratif jika kondisi pasien memburuk hingga meninggal dunia. Penelitian hukum normatif dengan metode literature review ini bertujuan menganalisis kerangka perlindungan hukum bagi dokter terhadap penolakan tindakan medis oleh pasien terminal serta mengevaluasinya berdasarkan perspektif asas keadilan substantif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi dokter diberikan secara preventif melalui dokumentasi informed refusal, rekam medis, dan kepatuhan standar pelayanan, serta secara represif melalui penyaringan sengketa oleh Majelis Disiplin Profesi dan pendekatan restorative justice. Berdasarkan asas keadilan substantif, dokter yang telah menjalankan kewajiban profesionalnya sesuai standar medis tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban atas risiko fatal akibat keputusan otonom pasien. Keadilan substantif menuntut pembagian tanggung jawab yang proporsional, di mana risiko medis beralih sepenuhnya kepada pasien setelah diberikan informasi komprehensif mengenai konsekuensi penolakan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan perlunya penguatan regulasi operasional guna menegaskan kedudukan hukum informed refusal sebagai klausul pembebas tanggung jawab hukum dokter yang bertindak dengan iktikad baik.

Legal Aspects of Automatic Equipment in Medical Laboratories Adi Darma Aprianda; Mochamad Subhan; Arman Lany
Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jis.v6i3.56012

The advancement of technology in medical laboratory equipment has created legal challenges due to regulatory lag. Errors arising from the use of such technology may jeopardize patient safety, given the vital role of laboratory test results in diagnostic accuracy. According to ISO 15189:2022, laboratories are required to implement a series of procedures, ranging from equipment selection to the termination of its operation, as part of quality assurance efforts. Errors within these processes may lead to equipment malfunction and trigger medical disputes. Since the equipment itself is inanimate, legal responsibility lies with the individual or legal entity managing the laboratory. This retrospective normative legal study collects primary and secondary legal materials along with their legal subjects, analyzed through qualitative descriptive methods to assess the legal dimensions in reference to the principles of justice, the legal theories of lex naturalis and lex aeterna, as well as Montesquieu’s concept of law. In principle, the comparative analysis between the legal framework and these legal concepts reveals a consistent alignment. The legal perspective on automated laboratory equipment thus reflects the underlying principles, theories, and legal concepts applied.

Normative Analysis of Foreign Medical and Health Worker Policies in Indonesia and Their Impact on the National Health System Yohan Edward Marpaung; Arman Lany
Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jis.v5i4.58614

This study examines the coherence and policy rationale of Indonesia’s utilization of foreign medical and health personnel (FMHP) under Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024 within the framework of the National Health System (NHS). The analysis focuses on the role of this policy as a transitional instrument to address priority referral service gaps while strengthening national health workforce capacity. Key concepts include health system governance, credentialing and clinical privileging, patient safety, informed consent, and the WHO health system building blocks. Employing a normative juridical (doctrinal legal research) method, this study applies statutory, conceptual, and systemic approaches. The scope of analysis covers health legislation, cross-sectoral labor and immigration regulations, and strategic NHS policy documents. Legal norms are examined through grammatical, systematic, and teleological reasoning and mapped against NHS output and outcome indicators. The findings demonstrate that, at the normative level, the FMHP policy is coherently designed in line with global health governance principles and oriented toward patient protection and capacity building. Nonetheless, implementation challenges persist, particularly regarding regional disparities in institutional capacity, inconsistent credentialing practices, cross-cultural communication barriers, and the absence of measurable indicators for technology transfer. The study recommends strengthening operational governance through the Deficit–Impact–Duration framework and a Technology Transfer Scorecard to ensure evidence-based evaluation. This research advances health law scholarship by integrating normative legal analysis with health system performance frameworks and proposing practical evaluative tools for assessing foreign health workforce policies as instruments of sustainable national capacity building.

Implementation of Restorative Justice Efforts for Children as Criminals from A Progressive Legal Perspective Muhammad Ibnu Farhan; Arman Lany
International Journal of Nusantara Islam Vol 13 No 2 (2025): International Journal of Nusantara Islam
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ijni.v13i2.58651

This study aims to analyze the implementation of restorative justice for juvenile offenders from the perspective of progressive law within the Indonesian juvenile criminal justice system. Restorative justice is conceptualized as a conflict-resolution approach that prioritizes the restoration of relationships between offenders, victims, and the community through participatory dialogue and consensus-based mechanisms. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature review method combined with a juridical–empirical perspective by examining legal regulations, policy documents, and scholarly works related to juvenile justice. The scope of the study focuses on the regulatory framework and practical implementation of diversion as stipulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2014. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s legal framework has formally incorporated restorative justice through diversion mechanisms that involve offenders, victims, families, and community representatives in resolving juvenile criminal cases. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of this approach still encounters several challenges, including institutional limitations, insufficient capacity among law enforcement officials, and societal legal culture that remains predominantly punitive. As a result, the restorative justice mechanism has not yet fully realized its intended goal of restoring social harmony and ensuring the best interests of the child. This study recommends strengthening institutional capacity within the juvenile justice system, enhancing the competence of law enforcement officials in facilitating diversion processes, and promoting public legal awareness regarding restorative justice values. This research contributes theoretically by reinforcing the relevance of progressive legal thought in the juvenile justice system while offering a critical analysis of the gap between the normative design of restorative justice and its practical implementation in Indonesia.

Implementation of Restorative Justice Efforts for Children as Criminals from A Progressive Legal Perspective Muhammad Ibnu Farhan; Arman Lany
International Journal of Nusantara Islam Vol 13 No 2 (2025): International Journal of Nusantara Islam
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ijni.v13i2.58651

This study aims to analyze the implementation of restorative justice for juvenile offenders from the perspective of progressive law within the Indonesian juvenile criminal justice system. Restorative justice is conceptualized as a conflict-resolution approach that prioritizes the restoration of relationships between offenders, victims, and the community through participatory dialogue and consensus-based mechanisms. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature review method combined with a juridical–empirical perspective by examining legal regulations, policy documents, and scholarly works related to juvenile justice. The scope of the study focuses on the regulatory framework and practical implementation of diversion as stipulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2014. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s legal framework has formally incorporated restorative justice through diversion mechanisms that involve offenders, victims, families, and community representatives in resolving juvenile criminal cases. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of this approach still encounters several challenges, including institutional limitations, insufficient capacity among law enforcement officials, and societal legal culture that remains predominantly punitive. As a result, the restorative justice mechanism has not yet fully realized its intended goal of restoring social harmony and ensuring the best interests of the child. This study recommends strengthening institutional capacity within the juvenile justice system, enhancing the competence of law enforcement officials in facilitating diversion processes, and promoting public legal awareness regarding restorative justice values. This research contributes theoretically by reinforcing the relevance of progressive legal thought in the juvenile justice system while offering a critical analysis of the gap between the normative design of restorative justice and its practical implementation in Indonesia.

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