Mangatas Silaen
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitas Prima Indonesia

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Menopause and the opportunity for early cardio-renal-metabolic prevention Eddy Anggiat; Trishna Trishna; Johanna Fransiska Wijaya; Syamsul Arifin Nasution; Adek Amansyah; Mangatas Silaen; Ibnu Sina; Almira Wilonna; Chairul Radjab Nasution; Ikhsan Amanda Putra; Rendi Dwi Prasetyo; Imelda Ferendina
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8661

Abstract

The cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome is a systemic pathological entity that reflects complex interactions among obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. In women, cardio-renal-metabolic risk increases markedly with age, and the menopausal transition functions as a key catalyst due to loss of the cardiometabolic protective effects of estrogen. The cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome is a systemic pathological entity that reflects complex interactions among obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. In women, cardio-renal-metabolic risk increases markedly with age, and the menopausal transition functions as a key catalyst due to loss of the cardiometabolic protective effects of estrogen. This review examines the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which the menopausal transition promotes cardio-renal-metabolic and evaluates menopause as a critical window for preventive intervention. Declining estradiol levels during menopause drive redistribution of adipose tissue toward visceral depots, increased insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These changes promote progression from an absence of risk factors to more advanced clinical states. Timing-based hypotheses suggest that aggressive interventions initiated early in the menopausal transition confer maximal cardiometabolic benefit and may prevent irreversible end-organ damage. In conclusion, menopause is not merely a reproductive aging event but a crucial period for systemic risk modification that requires an integrated approach to interrupt the progression of cardio-renal-metabolic in women.