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All Journal Kasta: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Agama, Budaya dan Terapan INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER)
Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Marhaeni
Udayana University
Religion Humanities Education Social Sciences

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DIGITAL READINESS TYPOLOGY OF 38 PROVINCES IN INDONESIA BASED ON THE THREE PILLARS OF IMDI 2025 Surya Dewi Rustariyuni; Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Marhaeni; Marius Masri
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS Vol. 3 No. 7 (2026): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21694282

Abstract

Digital transformation in Indonesia is growing rapidly along with increasing internet penetration, but equalizing digital readiness across provinces remains a challenge. This study aims to analyze the typology of digital readiness of 38 provinces in Indonesia based on the three main pillars of the 2025 Indonesian Digital Society Index (IMDI): the Infrastructure and Ecosystem Pillar, the Digital Literacy Pillar, and the Empowerment Pillar. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach utilizing secondary data from the 2025 IMDI publication published by the Ministry of Communication and Digital (Komdigi). The analysis was conducted by mapping the achievements of each pillar, grouping digital readiness typologies, and identifying digital gap clusters between provinces. The results show that digital readiness in Indonesia remains heterogeneous. The Infrastructure and Ecosystem Pillar has the highest national achievement, while the Empowerment Pillar has the lowest achievement, indicating that digital infrastructure development has not been fully followed by productive technology utilization. Based on the classification results, provinces in Indonesia can be grouped into four typologies: Very High Digital Readiness, High Digital Readiness, Medium Digital Readiness, and Low Digital Readiness, as well as four digital divide clusters: Digital Leader, Digital Emerging, Digital Transition, and Digital Lagging. These findings indicate that digital transformation policies need to be directed not only at equitable infrastructure, but also at strengthening digital literacy, empowering communities, and developing a digital economic ecosystem according to the characteristics of each region to realize more inclusive and sustainable development.
Understanding Farmers’ Subjective Well-Being through Capability and Agency-Retention Orientation Gede Agus Dian Maha Yoga Yoga; Ni Nyoman Yuliarmi; Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Marhaeni; Made Dwi Setyadhi Mustika
KASTA : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Agama, Budaya dan Terapan Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): October
Publisher : Lembaga Bale Literasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58218/kasta.v6i4.4523

Abstract

This study systematically reviews the literature on subjective well-being and capabilities among farming households to integrate the capability approach with subjective well-being research in agricultural development. A systematic narrative review was conducted on relevant theoretical, conceptual, and empirical studies published primarily between 2010 and 2025, with selected foundational works retained to support the theoretical framework. The synthesis indicates that farmers’ subjective well-being depends not only on income and material conditions but also on psychological well-being, social relationships, institutional support, environmental conditions, and the ability to pursue valued ways of living. Farmers’ capabilities are shaped by access to productive resources, farm-economic opportunities, social-institutional support, and cultural-spiritual values. However, the literature remains fragmented: studies of subjective well-being rarely adopt a comprehensive capability perspective, while capability-oriented studies less frequently examine subjective well-being as an explicit outcome in agricultural contexts. Based on the synthesis of 15 relevant articles, this study proposes a framework linking four capability domains—resource, farm-economic, social-institutional, and cultural-spiritual capabilities—to farmers’ subjective well-being through **agency-retention orientation**, defined as farmers’ capacity and willingness to sustain farming activities and retain productive agricultural land as part of their livelihood choices. Cultural-spiritual capability is further proposed as a potential reinforcing factor in the relationship between capabilities and agency-retention orientation through land attachment, agricultural identity, cultural values, and long-term livelihood commitments. The proposed framework contributes to the literature by integrating multidimensional capabilities, farmer agency, agricultural land retention, and subjective well-being, while providing a conceptual basis for future empirical testing, measurement development, and policies supporting sustainable agricultural livelihoods.
Co-Authors Gede Agus Dian Maha Yoga Yoga Made Dwi Setyadhi Mustika Marius Masri Ni Nyoman Yuliarmi SURYA DEWI RUSTARIYUNI