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All Journal Kasta: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Agama, Budaya dan Terapan INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE)
Ni Nyoman Yuliarmi
Udayana University
Education

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THE EFFECT OF POPULATION SIZE, EDUCATION LEVEL, MINIMUM WAGE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND INVESTMENT ON THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN BALI PROVINCE Kadek Permana Darma Winata; Ni Nyoman Yuliarmi; Ni Nyoman Reni Suasih; Wayan Hari Premananda
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22250618

Abstract

Unemployment is one of the major issues affecting the success of regional economic development. This study aims to analyze the effects of population size, education level, minimum wage, economic growth, and investment on the unemployment rate across regencies/municipalities in Bali Province. This study employs secondary panel data comprising 135 observations from nine regencies/municipalities in Bali Province during the 2011–2025 period. The analytical technique used is panel data regression, with the Random Effects Model (REM) selected as the most appropriate estimation model. The results indicate that population size has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on the unemployment rate, while education level has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate. Minimum wage and economic growth also have negative and significant effects on the unemployment rate. Meanwhile, investment has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on the unemployment rate. Simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant effect on the unemployment rate in Bali Province.
Understanding Farmers’ Subjective Well-Being through Capability and Agency-Retention Orientation Gede Agus Dian Maha Yoga Yoga; Ni Nyoman Yuliarmi; Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Marhaeni; Made Dwi Setyadhi Mustika
KASTA : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Agama, Budaya dan Terapan Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): October
Publisher : Lembaga Bale Literasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58218/kasta.v6i4.4523

Abstract

This study systematically reviews the literature on subjective well-being and capabilities among farming households to integrate the capability approach with subjective well-being research in agricultural development. A systematic narrative review was conducted on relevant theoretical, conceptual, and empirical studies published primarily between 2010 and 2025, with selected foundational works retained to support the theoretical framework. The synthesis indicates that farmers’ subjective well-being depends not only on income and material conditions but also on psychological well-being, social relationships, institutional support, environmental conditions, and the ability to pursue valued ways of living. Farmers’ capabilities are shaped by access to productive resources, farm-economic opportunities, social-institutional support, and cultural-spiritual values. However, the literature remains fragmented: studies of subjective well-being rarely adopt a comprehensive capability perspective, while capability-oriented studies less frequently examine subjective well-being as an explicit outcome in agricultural contexts. Based on the synthesis of 15 relevant articles, this study proposes a framework linking four capability domains—resource, farm-economic, social-institutional, and cultural-spiritual capabilities—to farmers’ subjective well-being through **agency-retention orientation**, defined as farmers’ capacity and willingness to sustain farming activities and retain productive agricultural land as part of their livelihood choices. Cultural-spiritual capability is further proposed as a potential reinforcing factor in the relationship between capabilities and agency-retention orientation through land attachment, agricultural identity, cultural values, and long-term livelihood commitments. The proposed framework contributes to the literature by integrating multidimensional capabilities, farmer agency, agricultural land retention, and subjective well-being, while providing a conceptual basis for future empirical testing, measurement development, and policies supporting sustainable agricultural livelihoods.
Co-Authors Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Marhaeni Gede Agus Dian Maha Yoga Yoga Kadek Permana Darma Winata Made Dwi Setyadhi Mustika Made Dwi Setyadhi Mustika Ni Nyoman Reni Suasih Wayan Hari Premananda