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All Journal Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Ramzi Amin
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya / Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Central General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience

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Association of Foveal Avascular Zone Diameter with Best-Corrected Visual Acuity in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study Ramzi Amin; Rezandi Pratama; Petty Purwanita; Muhammad Aulia Molid Ogest Putra Calisanie
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 8 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i8.1659

Abstract

Background: Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) enlargement reflects capillary loss in diabetic retinopathy (DR), but its relationship with visual acuity varies across protocols and populations. Objective: We assessed the association between swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-derived FAZ diameter and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 32 adults with DR examined from April to December 2024. One eye per participant underwent 3×3-mm swept-source OCTA. Superficial and deep FAZ diameter, superficial vessel density, central subfield thickness, and LogMAR BCVA were assessed using correlations, severity-group comparisons, multivariable regression, and exploratory secondary analyses. Results: Mean age was 57.8±8.4 years; 17 participants (53.1%) were men. Mean superficial FAZ diameter was 617.6±171.6 µm and BCVA was 0.539±0.341 LogMAR. FAZ diameter correlated with worse BCVA (r=0.582, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.293–0.774; p<0.001) and increased from 458.3±82.1 µm in mild nonproliferative DR to 812.5±125.8 µm in proliferative DR (F(3,28)=16.35; p<0.001; η²=0.637). FAZ was the largest standardized correlate in the exploratory adjusted model (β=0.485; p<0.001; adjusted R²=0.412). An exploratory 580-µm cutoff yielded an area under the curve of 0.847 (95% CI 0.723–0.971). Conclusion: Larger superficial FAZ diameter was associated with worse BCVA and greater DR severity. The proposed cutoff and secondary models require independent validation.
Retinal Neural Layer Thickness and Contrast Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Without Clinical Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study Ramzi Amin; Ririn Rahayu; Petty Purwanita; Muhammad Aulia Molid Ogest Putra Calisanie
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 7 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i7.1660

Abstract

Background: Retinal neural dysfunction may occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) before clinically visible diabetic retinopathy. Objective: We evaluated whether retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) thickness were associated with contrast sensitivity in adults with T2DM without clinical retinopathy. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 30 eyes from 16 participants examined from September 2024 to June 2025. Swept-source optical coherence tomography measured average and quadrant RNFL thickness and macular GCL-IPL thickness. Monocular contrast sensitivity was assessed with the Pelli-Robson chart. Source-reported analyses included exploratory Spearman correlations, generalized estimating equations (GEE) for inter-eye clustering, and exploratory receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Mean RNFL thickness was 101.3 ± 12.55 µm, GCL-IPL thickness was 81.53 ± 7.34 µm, and contrast sensitivity was 1.773 ± 0.227 logCS. Eye-level correlations with contrast sensitivity were ρ=0.758 for GCL-IPL and ρ=0.640 for average RNFL (both source-reported p<0.001). In the exploratory GEE model, coefficients were 0.0104 logCS per µm for GCL-IPL (95% CI 0.001-0.019) and 0.0062 for RNFL (95% CI 0.001-0.011). Exploratory AUCs were 0.872 and 0.804, respectively. Conclusion: Thicker GCL-IPL and RNFL measurements were associated with better contrast sensitivity in this small cohort. The estimates are hypothesis-generating and require confirmation with participant-level data, larger samples, and external validation before clinical use.
Co-Authors Muhammad Aulia Molid Ogest Putra Calisanie Petty Purwanita Rezandi Pratama Ririn Rahayu