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Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten

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Hukum Penyembelihan Hadyu di Luar Tanah Haram: Perspektif Muhammadiyah dan Relevansinya Bagi Kemaslahatan Umat di Indonesia Lukman Hakim; Alfi Fathullah; Nabila
Law and Justice Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Law and Justice
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/laj.v11i1.18064

Abstract

Tulisan ini membahas fatwa Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah berpandangan bahwa penyembelihan hadyu (dam haji) dapat dilakukan di luar wilayah tanah haram, termasuk di Indonesia, selama memenuhi ketentuan dan persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuannya adalah menelusuri dalil-dalil yang dipakai, memahami bentuk ijtihad yang digunakan, melalui pendekatan maqasid syariah dan kaidah ushul fiqh, serta membandingkannya dengan fikih klasik serta mengkomparasikannya dengan pendapat lembaga lain seperti MUI dan ormas-ormas yang lain. Penelitian in menggunakan metode kepustakaan atau library research, dengan dokumen-dokumen fatwa, kitab-kitab fikih dan literatur pendukung lainnya. Hasil dari tulisan ini menemukan bahwa Muhammadiyah cenderung melakukan pendekatan kontekstual dengan menitikberatkan pada illat hukum, prinsip kemudahan/taisir, serta fungsi dari hadyu sendiri. Yang berbeda dengan mazhab klasik yang mensyaratkan penyembelihan hadyu di tanah Haram yang cenderung lebih tekstualis. Secara teori penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi kajian fikih kontemporer, secara praktek sebagai panduan jamaah haji Indonesia. Fokus utama dari isu ini adalah mengangkat fatwa Muhammadiyah sebagai kebaruan ijtihad, mengaitkan maqasid syariah terhadap situasi ekonomi Indonesia dan membandingkannya dengan lembaga-lembaga lain, sehingga berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang tekstual historis, dengan mengedepankan prinsip taisir dan kemaslahatan sebagai pijakan ijtihad terhadap kebutuhan umat di Indonesia. This article discusses a fatwa issued by the Tarjih and Tajdid Council of the Muhammadiyah Central Leadership, which holds the view that the slaughter of hadyu (Hajj sacrifice) may be performed outside the sacred precincts, including in Indonesia, as long as it complies with the established provisions and requirements. The objective is to trace the evidence used, understand the form of ijtihad employed through the approaches of maqasid al-sharia and the principles of usul al-fiqh, and to compare it with classical fiqh as well as the opinions of other institutions such as the MUI and other mass organizations. This study employs a literature review method, utilizing fatwa documents, fiqh texts, and other supporting literature. The findings of this study reveal that Muhammadiyah tends to adopt a contextual approach, emphasizing the legal rationale (illat), the principle of ease (taisir), and the function of the hadyu itself. This differs from classical schools of thought, which require the slaughter of the hadyu within the Haram area and tend to be more textualist. Theoretically, this research contributes to the study of contemporary fiqh; practically, it serves as a guide for Indonesian Hajj pilgrims. The main focus of this issue is to highlight Muhammadiyah’s fatwas as an innovation in ijtihad, to relate the maqasid al-sharia to Indonesia’s economic situation, and to compare them with those of other institutions. This approach differs from previous textual-historical research by prioritizing the principles of taisir and the public interest as the foundation for ijtihad in addressing the needs of the Muslim community in Indonesia.