<![CDATA[This study was conducted in response to the limited implementation of innovative technology-based instructional media in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning at the elementary school level. The teaching process remains largely dependent on textbooks and conventional lecture methods, resulting in low student participation and difficulties in understanding abstract concepts, particularly those related to cultural diversity and local wisdom. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a Flash Card learning medium integrated with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach for fourth-grade IPAS instruction that fulfills the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The study adopted the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE instructional design model, which includes five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The participants consisted of material experts, language experts, media experts, fourth-grade teachers, and fourth-grade elementary school students. Data were gathered through expert validation sheets, teacher and student practicality questionnaires, and pretest–posttest learning achievement tests. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The findings revealed that the developed PBL-based Flash Card media obtained an average validity score of 97.26%, indicating a very valid category. The teacher practicality assessment reached 96.6%, demonstrating that the media was highly practical. Moreover, the effectiveness test showed an effectiveness level of 98.50%, confirming that the media significantly improved students' learning outcomes. Based on these findings, the PBL-based Flash Card learning media can be considered highly valid, highly practical, and highly effective, making it an appropriate instructional medium for teaching cultural diversity and local wisdom in fourth-grade Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) classrooms.]]>
