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Mohammad Fattahun Ni’am
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THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN JAVANESE LITERATURE (REVISITING THE MORAL GUIDELINES OF JAVANESE SOCIETY IN SERAT WULANGREH) Mohammad Fattahun Ni’am
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Proceeding of International Conference on Cultures & Language 2024 21-43
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22515/7g6tb243

Abstract

This paper explores the intricate interweaving of reflections on the concept of moderation today in the rich tapestry of Javanese literature, especially through a nuanced exploration of the epistemological foundations present in Serat Wulangreh created by Pakubuwana IV. In its time, Serat Wulangreh consisting of 13 Pupuh was a guideline for moderation in Javanese society, especially Surakarta Sunanate. According to Peorbatjaraka, a literary expert of the Dutch East Indies era, the values in Serat Wulang Reh were widely applied by the Surakarta community as a guide to life. Thus, the assumption that Indonesians are only consumers of external values is certainly not true. Indonesia has always been a producer of values, one of which is the concept of religious moderation that should be introduced to the world. Using a multidisciplinary approach that combines epistemology and literary studies, this research re-evaluates the moral guidelines inherent in Indonesian society, especially Java, as depicted in this important work. Through an analysis of the religious principles and ethical frameworks embedded in the text, the study aims to elucidate the essence of moderation in the Javanese cultural and religious ethos as well as underscore its relevance and applicability in the context of contemporary society. This research found that the idea of moderation value that is initiated now is not substantially new. The existing value of religious moderation is a reflection of the noble values of the Indonesian nation, one of which is contained in Serat Wulangreh. The existence of Serat Wulang Reh confirms that the nation's original framework of norms and values will remain even though it will dialogue with other values from outside.
Islam dan Pluralisme : Reinterpretasi Konsep al- Ḥanīfiyyah dan as- Samḥah dalam Hadis Nabi Mohammad Fattahun Ni’am; Mustikawati Mustikawati
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Proceeding of International Conference Cultures & Languages 2022 390-407
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22515/j5r9jx79

Abstract

This study reinterprets the meaning of al-ḥanīfiyyah and as-samḥah so that it has a wider contextualization. The portion of tolerance in Islam tends to be greater in the divine religions, namely Christianity and Judaism or the religion commonly called the Hanif religion which has similar genealogy and teachings. The world or non-celestial religions then experienced animitation and were considered primitive. Negative labeling continues to be intertwined with the dominance of divine religion. This outdated concept certainly needs a new, more universal interpretation, considering that discrimination between religions has become a terrible scourge today. The author in dissecting the hadith which reads "'Which religion is most loved by Allah? So he said: 'al-ḥanīfiyyah as-samḥah." using Hans-Georg Gadamer's Hermeneutics which includes Historically Effected Consciousness, Pre-understanding, Fusion of Horizons, and Application. Gadamer states that interpretation is the fusion of several horizons, namely the horizon of the writer, interpreter or reader, both past and present. Thus the meaning will be dynamic beyond the author himself. This theory is used because it has flexibility in meaning based on the reader's horizon so that it can be the basis for religious moderation. The results of this paper find that, al-ḥanīfiyyah can mean all religions that are believed by their adherents to be the straight truth without having to demean other religions. as-Samḥah can mean a religion that is tolerant and does not discriminate against others, of course this meaning applies to all religions and even beliefs. The implications of this interpretation make Islam accept the concept of religious pluralism. The similarity of religion is basically at the level of transcendence, esoteric, and essence, not immanent (shari'ah).
Co-Authors Mustikawati Mustikawati