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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy
Wahdaniar Wahdaniar
Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Technology, Universitas Megarezky, Makassar, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Detection of Oral Microbiome Bacteria in Smokers: A Preliminary Study Toward Potential Biomarkers for Oral Cancer Screening Tiara Lista Putri; Juniati Binti Lukman; Ade Irma; Wahdaniar Wahdaniar
Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy
Publisher : Pustaka Media Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63763/ijsp.v4i1.181

Abstract

Oral cancer remains a significant global health problem, with high incidence and mortality rates. Smoking is known to disrupt the balance of the oral microbiota, which has been associated with an increased risk of oral cancer in previous studies. This exploratory, descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to detect the presence of Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, bacterial species previously reported to be associated with tumor microenvironment changes, in oral swab samples from smokers. Swab samples were collected from the soft palate of 9 smokers and 1 non-smoking control, followed by DNA extraction and detection using Real-Time PCR with species-specific primers and SYBR Green. Peptostreptococcus stomatis was the most frequently detected bacterium among smokers, found in 8 of 9 samples (88.9%), followed by Fusobacterium nucleatum (5 samples, 55.6%), Prevotella intermedia (3 samples, 33.3%), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (1 sample, 11.1%); none of the target bacteria were detected in the single non-smoking control. These findings provide a preliminary description of periodontopathogenic bacterial presence in the oral cavity of smokers. Given the small sample size, the single comparator, and the absence of clinically confirmed oral cancer cases, this study cannot establish an association between these bacteria and oral cancer, nor confirm their utility as early-screening biomarkers; larger case-control studies including confirmed oral cancer patients are needed to evaluate this potential.
The Effect of the Aqueous Fraction of Avocado Seed (Persea americana Mill.) Extract on the Viability of T98G Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro Yundar Liana; Hijral Aswad; Wahdaniar Wahdaniar; Ade Irma
Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy
Publisher : Pustaka Media Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63763/ijsp.v4i1.198

Abstract

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor and carries a poor prognosis. Current therapies are limited and often damage normal cells, so safer natural-based candidates are needed. Avocado seed (Persea americana Mill.) is an underused plant material rich in bioactive compounds with reported antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the aqueous fraction of avocado seed extract on the viability of T98G glioblastoma cells in vitro and to determine the most effective treatment concentration. The extract was obtained by maceration in 96% ethanol, followed by ethyl acetate–water fractionation to yield the aqueous fraction. Cells were treated with three concentrations (0.63, 1.25, and 2.50 mg/mL) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay in three technical replicates, and the percentage of inhibition was analyzed descriptively. The cytotoxic effect was time-dependent. Mean inhibition increased from about 79% at 24 h to about 96% at 48 h, and to about 98% to 99% at 72 h. The highest inhibition was 98.79% at 1.25 mg/mL after 72 h. Increasing the concentration to 2.50 mg/mL did not raise inhibition further, and the differences among concentrations were small, so a clear dose-response relationship was not established. The aqueous fraction of avocado seed extract shows potential as a natural-based antiproliferative candidate against T98G glioblastoma cells. Further studies with biological replicates, inferential statistics, and phytochemical characterization are required to confirm its efficacy and mechanism.
Co-Authors Ade Irma Hijral Aswad Juniati Binti Lukman Tiara Lista Putri Yundar Liana