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All Journal International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT)
Muhammad Uwais Mohammad Raffee
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Computer Science & IT

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Performance evaluation of a solar-driven IoT water quality monitoring system using descriptive and ANOVA analysis Suziana Ahmad; Arfah Ahmad; Muhammad Uwais Mohammad Raffee; Amirul Syafiq Sadun; Aminurrashid Noordin; Mohd Firdaus Mohd Ab Halim
International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Vol 15, No 3: September 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijict.v15i3.pp1385-1394

Abstract

Water quality monitoring is vital for protecting aquatic ecosystems and ensuring sustainable water resource management. Traditional manual sampling methods are often costly, time-consuming, and unsuitable for real-time assessment. This study presents a newly designed solar-powered IoT-based water quality monitoring system for remote and continuous data collection. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS) sensors, powered by a 10W solar panel. Data is transmitted to a cloud-based platform wirelessly, enabling remote access and visualization via a mobile app. Performance evaluation included descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA across four sampling sites. ANOVA results showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in water quality parameters among locations, confirming the system’s sensitivity. Sensor accuracy was validated against standard meters, revealing mean relative errors below 5% for pH and TDS. The system reliably provides real-time, accurate data, supporting proactive water quality management. Integrating IoT with renewable energy offers a cost-effective, scalable, and energy-efficient solution for environmental monitoring in remote or resource-limited areas.
Co-Authors Aminurrashid Noordin Amirul Syafiq Sadun Arfah Ahmad Mohd Firdaus Mohd Ab Halim Suziana Ahmad