This study is motivated by the importance of teacher professionalism in Islamic education, encompassing pedagogical, social, personal, and professional competencies. However, many Islamic educational institutions face challenges in managing human resources (HR) effectively, including inadequate planning, competency-based recruitment that has not been optimally implemented, and teacher placement that does not fully correspond to institutional needs. This study aims to analyze the contribution of human resource management to enhancing the professionalism of Islamic education teachers, with particular emphasis on HR planning, recruitment and selection, and teacher orientation and placement. The study employed a descriptive qualitative research design, with data collected through interviews, observations, and relevant institutional documents at Muhammadiyah Muaro Jambi Junior High School. The data were analyzed systematically and in depth to identify relevant patterns and relationships. The findings indicate that effective HR management, particularly selective recruitment and placement based on individual competencies and potential, can significantly enhance teachers’ professional competence. Continuous professional development and performance evaluation also constitute strategic measures that support the strengthening of teacher professionalism. The study concludes that integrating HR management with systematic teacher professional development can generate optimal synergy, thereby contributing to the holistic improvement of the quality of Islamic education.