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All Journal Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi
Asteria Devy Kumalasari
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung
Education Public Health Social Sciences Other

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The moderating roles of self-construal and social anxiety in the association between attitude towards emojis and their frequency of usage Fanny Rizkiyani; Wilis Srisayekti; Efi Fitriana; Asteria Devy Kumalasari; Anna Lucia Spear King
Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology and Health - Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/pjpp.v11i1.27813

Abstract

Emojis are popular features in WhatsApp messaging. However, individual differences, such as social anxiety and self-construal, may influence emoji usage patterns. This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between attitudes toward emojis and their frequency of use, and the moderating effects of self-construal and social anxiety on this relationship among Indonesian undergraduate WhatsApp users. We recruited a convenience sample of 364 participants aged 18 to 24 (M-age = 21.12, SD = 1.48). The multiple linear hierarchical regression analysis results indicated that attitude towards emojis was a unique positive predictor of usage frequency (B = 0.16, t = 3.91, p < .001), accounting for 4% of the variance in such frequency (∆R2 = .04, Cohen’s f2 = .05). Neither self-construal orientations nor social anxiety moderated the relationship. Notably, independent self-construal emerged as a direct predictor of emoji usage frequency (B = 0.10, p = .043, ∆R² = .01, Cohen’s f2 = .01). The findings may reflect independent self-construal as perceived behavioral control within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework. They also highlight the importance of considering individual differences in digital communication behaviors among Indonesian youth.
Co-Authors Anna Lucia Spear King Efi Fitriana Fanny Rizkiyani Wilis Srisayekti