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All Journal Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Trilaksana Nugroho
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology

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The Role of Vitamin D3 in Preventing Ethambutol-induced Toxic Optic Neuropathy on Wistar Rat Model: A Pilot Study Riski Prihatningtias; Trilaksana Nugroho; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Dwi Pudjonarko
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 12, No 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v12i2.29962

Abstract

Background: Ethambutol toxic optic neuropathy (ETON) is one of the side effects of ethambutol (EMB) therapy in tuberculosis (TB) patients which can cause visual impairment. Prevention of this neurotoxicity is effective strategy to address this condition. Vitamin D3 has the potential to prevent ETON since vitamin D3 is a neuroprotective agent.Objective: To observe the effect of vitamin D3 in ETON wistar rat model through its effect on the excitotoxicity pathway.Methods: This study used a true experimental, post-test-only randomized controlled design. Fourteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. All rats received EMB at a dose of 32 mg per 200 g body weight per day for 30 days. The treatment group also received oral vitamin D3 at 72 IU per 200 g body weight per day. NMDA receptor expression was examined using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density was analyzed using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Differences in NMDA receptor expression were tested using the Mann–Whitney test, while RGC density was analyzed with an Independent T-test followed by Spearman’s correlation test.Results: The expression of NMDA receptors in the treatment group given vitamin D3 was lower than the control (62.00 ± 16.43 and 70.00 ± 7.07, respectively) with no statistically significant result (p=0.502). Retinal ganglion cell density in the treatment group was higher and statistically significant when compared with the control group (11.36 ± 0.51 and 9.60 ± 1.14, p=0.014). The results of the Spearman's correlation test between NMDA receptor expression and RGC density were found to be p=0.380.Conclusion: Oral vitamin D3 has an effect to increase RGCs density in rats given ethambutol.
Co-Authors Dwi Pudjonarko Riski Prihatningtias Suharyo Hadisaputro