Niko Arief Setyawan
Akademi Penerbang Indonesia Banyuwangi

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Defisit Firewall Normatif Dan Kerentanan Ganda Taruna Penerbang Dalam Pelaporan Keselamatan Penerbangan Indonesia Niko Arief Setyawan; Daniel D. Rumani; Yudha Bagus Tunggala Putra; Dimas Hari Cahyo; Chairustakmal
Jurnal Dunia Ilmu Hukum (JURDIKUM) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): JURDIKUM - JUNI
Publisher : PT. Padang Tekno Corp

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59435/jurdikum.v4i1.806

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis defisit firewall normatif dalam perlindungan data keselamatan pada pendidikan penerbang Indonesia serta membangun konsep Double Burden Vulnerability (DBV) pada taruna pra-lisensi. Metode socio-legal digunakan dengan bobot dominan analisis doktrinal terhadap ICAO Annex 19 Edisi Ketiga, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP, PM 2 Tahun 2026, dan Safety Management System Manual, yang didukung wawancara semi-terstruktur terhadap 14 informan. Tiga belas transkrip dikodekan dalam NVivo melalui dua siklus, sedangkan satu wawancara ahli digunakan untuk validasi doktrinal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 359 Undang-Undang Penerbangan membentuk firewall hanya untuk hasil investigasi kecelakaan dan kejadian serius, sementara Pasal 584 ayat (1) KUHP 2023 memidana kealpaan biasa tanpa mensyaratkan korban. Ketidakpastian status taruna berulang pada tingkat internasional, nasional, dan institusional, serta termanifestasi sebagai ketakutan melapor, quiescent silence, penyaringan oleh senioritas, dan anonimitas yang bersyarat. Reformasi memerlukan ambang kesalahan yang lebih tinggi, perlindungan pelapor yang operasional, dan pengakuan eksplisit taruna sebagai subjek yang dilindungi. This study examines the normative firewall deficit in safety-data protection within Indonesian pilot education and develops the concept of Double Burden Vulnerability (DBV) for pre-licence cadets. A socio-legal design was employed, weighted toward doctrinal analysis of ICAO Annex 19 Third Edition, Law Number 1 of 2009 on Aviation, Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Penal Code, Minister of Transportation Regulation PM 2 of 2026, and the institutional Safety Management System Manual, supported by semi-structured interviews with 14 informants. Thirteen transcripts were coded in NVivo through two cycles, while one legal-expert interview was used for doctrinal validation. The findings show that Article 359 of the Aviation Law provides a firewall only for investigation records concerning accidents and serious incidents, whereas Article 584(1) of the 2023 Penal Code criminalises ordinary negligence without requiring a victim. Cadets’ uncertain legal status recurs across international, national, and institutional rules and manifests socially as fear of reporting, quiescent silence, seniority-based filtering, and conditional anonymity. Reform requires a higher culpability threshold, operational reporter protection, and explicit recognition of cadets as protected reporting subjects.
An Adjudicative Filter for SMS Manual Gaps in Pilot Education: The Maritime Court Design Precedent Niko Arief Setyawan; Daniel Dewantoro Rumani; Yudha Bagus Tunggala Putra; Dimas Hari Cahyo; Chairustakmal Chairustakmal
Estudiante Law Journal VOL. 8 No. 2 JUNE 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/eslaj.v8i2.41442

Abstract

Formal safety-reporting norms exist internationally, nationally and institutionally, yet protection for reporters in Indonesian pilot training remains inoperative. This study asks why, and what design closes the gap. It compares the Safety Management System Manual of the Indonesian Civil Pilot Academy of Banyuwangi (Issued 02, Revision 02) with ICAO Annex 19, Third Edition, using normative legal research with a documentary case study. Soekanto’s legal-effectiveness theory supplies the diagnosis; responsive regulation, developed by Ayres and Braithwaite and refined by Baldwin and Black, supplies the prescription. Three connected gaps emerge. First, reporter protection travels through six referring levels, from the Manual’s “to the extent permissible by law” clause down to the 2017 Director General Regulations, which provide administrative de-identification only and whose delegating basis Ministerial Regulation 2/2026 revoked without a transitional provision. Second, the Manual grants cadets disciplinary immunity but withholds identity confidentiality. Third, no enforcement rung exists between internal correction and criminal proceedings. Annex 19 permits a non-judicial competent authority; Articles 364–369 of Law 1/2009 already provide for one. Because Government Regulation 62/2013 implemented only the investigation half of Article 369, the article proposes operationalising the Aviation Profession Council as a technical-professional adjudicative filter, on the Maritime Court design precedent