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Khumaira Maulani Wijaya
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Batch Adsorption Performance of a KOH-Activated Corn Cob Carbon–Calcined Fly Ash Composite for Multi-Pollutant Removal Nurcahyo; Unung Leoanggraini; Alfiana Adhitasari; Ghaniari Putri; Khumaira Maulani Wijaya; Rony Sihombing
Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 24 No. `1 (2026): `June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/sainteknol.v24i`1.63136

Abstract

The discharge of dye and heavy metal-containing wastewater remains a major environmental challenge, highlighting the need for low-cost, effective adsorbents. This study evaluated the batch adsorption performance of a composite adsorbent KOH-activated corn cob carbon combined with calcined coal fly ash toward methylene blue (MB), cadmium (Cd²⁺), and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Corn cob carbon was prepared via carbonization and KOH activation, while fly ash was calcined before composite preparation. SEM-EDS and BET analyses characterized the adsorbent’s physicochemical properties. KOH activation raised the corn cob carbon’s surface area from 8.80 to 40.88 m²/g, while calcination increased the fly ash’s surface area from 0.32 to 1.65 m²/g, indicating improved surface development. Under optimum conditions (5:1 fly ash-to-carbon ratio, 90-mesh particle size), the composite achieved removal efficiencies of 99.39% for MB (0.40 mg/g) and 99.56% for Cd²⁺ (1.659 mg/g), showing strong performance toward cationic pollutants. Cr(VI) removal, however, reached only 25.37% (1.723 mg/g), likely due to unfavorable electrostatic interactions between the adsorbent surface and anionic chromium species under the tested conditions. Overall, the composite showed promising adsorption performance for cationic contaminants, while further modification is needed to improve its effectiveness against anionic pollutants like Cr(VI).
Continuous Adsorption of and Cr (VI) Using a KOH-activated Corn Cob Carbon-Coal Fly Ash Composite Rony Sihombing; Alfiana Adhitasari; Shoerya Shoelarta; Tifa Paramitha; Ghaniari Putri; Khumaira Maulani Wijaya
Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): December 2026 (In Press)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/sainteknol.v24i2.63139

Abstract

Industrial wastewater containing divalent cadmium (Cd₂⁺) and hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) poses a serious environmental threat because of the toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulative nature of these heavy metals. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a composite adsorbent, prepared from KOH-activated corn cob carbon (CCAC) and calcined coal fly ash (FA) at a mass ratio of 5:1, for the continuous adsorption of Cd₂⁺ and Cr (VI). The adsorbent was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while continuous adsorption experiments were performed in an up-flow acrylic column at an initial metal concentration of 100 mg/L, evaluating the effect of flow rate (5–25 mL/min) on Cd₂⁺ removal and comparing it with Cr (VI) removal from real industrial wastewater at 5 mL/min. FTIR analysis confirmed that KOH activation and calcination modified the surface functional groups of the CCAC and FA, respectively, increasing the availability of oxygen-containing active sites. The composite adsorbent achieved a high and consistent Cd₂⁺ removal efficiency of 91.13–91.51%, with an adsorption capacity of 4.18–4.19 mg/g, across all tested flow rates. In contrast, Cr (VI) removal was very low (0.797%), attributed to electrostatic repulsion between the anionic Cr (VI) species and the negatively charged adsorbent surface at near-neutral pH, as well as competition from co-existing ions in the real wastewater matrix. These findings indicate that the FA/CCAC composite is a promising, low-cost, waste-derived adsorbent for continuous Cd₂⁺ removal, while further surface modification or pH adjustment is required to enhance its performance for Cr (VI) removal.
Co-Authors Alfiana Adhitasari Alfiana Adhitasari Ghaniari Putri Nurcahyo Paramitha, Tifa rony sihombing Shoerya Shoelarta Unung Leoanggraini