<![CDATA[BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus often exacerbated by cigarette smoke, which disrupts glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and lime (Citrus amblycarpa) peels contain various phytochemical compounds, including those are reported to have metabolic and cytoprotective properties, but their combined nanoparticle formulation in cigarette smoke-exposed diabetes cases remains unexplored. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effect of mango-lime peel nanoparticles (NanoMC) on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and pancreatic cell damage in cigarette smoke-exposed diabetic rats.METHODS: Mango and lime peel ethanol extract was prepared into nanoparticles using emulsion-solvent evaporation method and followed by sonication and homogenization, and subsequently divided into three concentration groups. Rats were diabetic-induced and smoke-exposed, before being treated with/without Simvastatin + Glibenclamide, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kgBW NanoMC. Parameters including blood glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-β), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid profiles were then measured. To evaluate pancreatic cell damage, the pancreatic tissue was collected, fixed, and then evaluated by using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining.RESULTS: NanoMC administration significantly reduced blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (p<0.05). NanoMC treatment also increased insulin levels, HOMA-β, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). After the treatment with NanoMC, particularly with 80 mg/kgBW concentration, fewer degenerative and necrotic cells were found compared to the other groups, showing its ability to attenuate pancreatic cell damage.CONCLUSION: The combination of NanoMC could improve glycemic status, modulate lipid profiles, and improved pancreatic cell damage in diabetic rats exposed to cigarette smoke.KEYWORDS: Mangifera indica, Citrus amblycarpa, nanoparticles, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoke, lipid profiles, pancreatic histopathology]]>
