<![CDATA[This study is motivated by a shift in the practice of the Ro’an tradition within pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), which originally functioned as a means of character education but has evolved into an activity potentially involving students (santri) in high-risk construction work without adequate safety protection. The primary issues in this research concern the legal liability regarding the utilization of santri labor in pesantren construction and how the legal vacuum in the technical regulation of Ro’an affects the effectiveness of child protection. This study applies a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches to dissect the legal correlation between Law Number 18 of 2019 concerning Pesantren and Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The research findings indicate a legal vacuum characterized by the absence of operational standards, activity limitations, and technical supervision mechanisms for the implementation of Ro’an, particularly in the context of construction work, which creates legal uncertainty and opens the potential for child exploitation. This research offers a novel contribution in the form of an integrative supervision model formulation based on the division of authority between the Ministry of Religious Affairs and local governments. This model emphasizes preventive functions through technical regulations and safety certifications, as well as repressive functions through legal sanction enforcement, to ensure a balance between preserving the socio-religious values of pesantren and protecting the rights and safety of the santri. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pergeseran praktik tradisi Ro’an di pesantren yang semula berfungsi sebagai sarana pendidikan karakter menjadi aktivitas yang berpotensi melibatkan santri dalam pekerjaan konstruksi berisiko tanpa perlindungan keselamatan yang memadai. Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana tanggung jawab hukum atas pemanfaatan tenaga santri dalam pembangunan pesantren serta bagaimana kekosongan norma dalam pengaturan teknis Ro’an mempengaruhi efektivitas perlindungan anak. Studi ini menerapkan metode penelitian yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan serta konseptual guna membedah korelasi hukum antara Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2019 tentang Pesantren dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kekosongan hukum berupa tidak adanya standar operasional, batasan kegiatan, serta mekanisme pengawasan teknis terhadap pelaksanaan Ro’an, khususnya dalam konteks pekerjaan konstruksi, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan membuka potensi eksploitasi anak. Penelitian ini menawarkan kontribusi kebaruan berupa formulasi model pengawasan integratif berbasis pembagian kewenangan antara Kementerian Agama dan pemerintah daerah yang menekankan fungsi preventif melalui regulasi teknis dan sertifikasi keselamatan, serta fungsi represif melalui penegakan sanksi hukum, guna memastikan keseimbangan antara pelestarian nilai sosial-keagamaan pesantren dan perlindungan hak serta keselamatan santri.]]>
