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KRIMINALISASI GURU DI ERA YURIDIFIKASI: URGENSI KEADILAN RESTORATIF MENGHADAPI HEGEMONI HUKUM PIDANA DALAM RELASI PENDIDIKAN Sayid Muhammad Rifki Noval; Muhammad Luthfi Almanfaluthi
RIO LAW JURNAL Vol 7, No 1 (2026): Rio Law Jurnal
Publisher : Universitas Muara Bungo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36355/rlj.v7i1.2092

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the phenomenon of teacher criminalization in the school environment, which is a negative consequence of the strong current of juridification in the educational sector. The shifting paradigm of an increasingly legalistic society creates a sociological anomaly, wherein teachers' disciplinary actions are frequently construed as criminal offenses. Employing a normative legal research method combined with a statute approach and a conceptual approach, this study discovers that the root of the problem lies in the disharmonious interpretation between the child protection law and the law concerning teachers and lecturers. This condition is exacerbated by the tendency of the criminal justice system to be excessively offender-oriented, alongside a lack of understanding among law enforcement officers regarding the doctrine of the prerogative right to educate (tuchtrecht). Consequently, a litigation culture and defensive teaching practices emerge, which are detrimental to the continuity of education. Therefore, a reformulation of legal protection policies oriented toward the principle of restorative justice as the primary mechanism for dispute resolution is required. This effort must be accompanied by the formulation of measurable disciplinary guidelines in every school and the enhancement of legal literacy among educators.Keywords: Restorative Justice, Criminalization, Juridification.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji fenomena kriminalisasi terhadap tenaga pendidik di lingkungan sekolah, yang merupakan ekses negatif dari kuatnya arus yuridifikasi dalam bidang pendidikan. Pergeseran paradigma masyarakat yang semakin legalistik ini menciptakan anomali sosiologis, di mana tindakan pendisiplinan guru sering kali dikonstruksikan sebagai wujud tindak kejahatan pidana. Melalui metode penelitian hukum normatif yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan statute approach dan conceptual approach, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa akar permasalahan terletak pada disharmonisasi penafsiran antara undang-undang perlindungan anak dan undang-undang tentang guru dan dosen. Kondisi ini diperparah oleh kecenderungan sistem peradilan pidana yang terlampau offender oriented, serta kurangnya pemahaman aparat penegak hukum mengenai doktrin hak prerogatif mendidik (tuchtrecht). Akibatnya, muncul budaya litigasi dan praktik pengajaran defensif yang merugikan kelangsungan pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformulasi kebijakan perlindungan hukum yang berorientasi pada prinsip keadilan restoratif (restorative justice) sebagai sarana utama penyelesaian sengketa. Upaya ini harus diiringi dengan penyusunan pedoman pendisiplinan yang terukur di setiap sekolah dan peningkatan literasi hukum di kalangan tenaga pendidik.Kata Kunci: Keadilan Restoratif, Kriminalisasi, Yuridifikasi.