<![CDATA[X-ray radiation is a form of ionizing radiation widely used in medical services; however, uncontrolled exposure may produce biological effects on radiosensitive tissues, including the hematopoietic system. Medical students, as future healthcare professionals, require adequate knowledge of radiation hazards and their potential association with anemia risk. This study aimed to determine the knowledge level of 2023 medical students at Universitas Prima Indonesia (FK UNPRI) regarding the hazards of X-ray radiation and anemia risk, identify factors associated with knowledge levels, and analyze the relationship between knowledge of X-ray radiation and knowledge of anemia risk. An analytical quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. A total of 159 students were recruited using total sampling. Data were collected using a 25-item closed-ended multiple-choice questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis, the Chi-Square test, and Spearman’s rho correlation analysis. Most students demonstrated a good overall knowledge level, with 73 respondents (45.9%) categorized as having good knowledge, 44 respondents (27.7%) having sufficient knowledge, and 42 respondents (26.4%) having poor knowledge. Attendance at radiology lectures and experience in radiology practice were significantly associated with knowledge level (both p < 0.001), whereas age (p = 0.754) and sex (p = 0.165) were not significantly associated. A strong and significant positive correlation was identified between knowledge of X-ray radiation and knowledge of anemia risk (r = 0.698; p < 0.001). This study evaluated students’ knowledge and understanding rather than actual radiation exposure, hemoglobin levels, or clinical anemia status. In conclusion, students generally demonstrated good knowledge; however, understanding of anemia risk should be further strengthened through structured radiation safety education and practical training.]]>
