<![CDATA[Background: Socket preservation is essential, as the alveolar bone provides structural support for prosthetic rehabilitation. Flavonoids and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in propolis exert immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to reduced inflammation in the extraction socket. When combined with a bovine bone graft, propolis may synergistically enhance alveolar bone regeneration and accelerate the healing process. Purpose: This study was undertaken with the aim to examine the potential for the mixture of propolis and bovine-derived xenograft to elevate bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2) and osterix (OSX) expression during the preservation of tooth extraction sockets in 56 Cavia cobaya. Methods: The research utilized a laboratory experimental methodology incorporating true experimental design. The research population was divided into eight groups that were administered polyethylene glycol, bovine bone graft, propolis extract, or a mixture of propolis and bovine-derived xenograft. An extraction socket was created in the 56 Cavia cobaya whose lower left incisors were removed before applying polyethylene glycol, bovine bone graft, propolis extract, and a mixture of propolis and bovine bone graft to the resulting cavities, according to the group. The sample was examined by means of BMP-2 and OSX expression from immunohistochemistry staining on days 7 and 30 post-extraction. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Differences existed between the eight research groups. The highest expression of BMP-2 and OSX was detected in the bovine bone graft and propolis extract combination group. A statistically different BMP-2 expression was found between the control and propolis groups and control and combination groups on day 7 and day 30. For OSX, the combination group was statistically significant compared with the control group (p = 0.000), propolis (p = 0.003 on day 7 and p = 0.01 on day 30), and bovine bone graft group (p = 0.000 on day 30). Conclusion: A mixture of propolis extract and bovine bone graft can increase BMP-2 and OSX expression in post-extraction sockets on days 7 and 30.]]>
