Chairunisa Nur Rarastiti
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Ivet, Semarang, Indonesia

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Sugar-to-stevia substitution in strawberry jam (Fragaria × ananassa): effects on anthocyanin retention and sensory acceptability Athifah Ari Nahdah; Catur Retno Lestari; Chairunisa Nur Rarastiti
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i2.361

Abstract

Background. Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is a rich dietary source of anthocyanins—red-purple flavonoid pigments with antioxidant activity—but its high perishability means it is most often preserved as jam, a product that conventionally carries a heavy sucrose load. Replacing sucrose with the non-nutritive glycoside sweetener stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) could lower the sugar burden, yet its impact on both consumer acceptance and pigment retention in strawberry jam has not been characterised together in a single product. Objective. To quantify the effect of graded sugar-to-stevia substitution on (i) the sensory acceptability and (ii) the total anthocyanin content of strawberry jam. Methods. Five formulations were prepared: a sucrose control (F0) and four formulations substituting 1, 3, 5, and 7 g stevia per 100 g strawberry (F1–F4). Anthocyanin content was measured by the pH-differential method (UV-Vis spectrophotometry; cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents) under a one-factor completely randomised design with three replicates per formulation. Acceptability of colour, aroma, taste, and texture was rated by 30 untrained panellists on a five-point hedonic scale in a within-subject design. Anthocyanin data were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests after verifying normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and variance homogeneity (Levene); hedonic data were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results. Anthocyanin content differed markedly across formulations (one-way ANOVA F(4,10) = 86.25, p < 0.001, η² = 0.97). It was highest in the sucrose control F0 (66.93 ± 2.22 mg L⁻¹) and lowest in F3 (45.57 ± 0.89 mg L⁻¹), a 31.9% reduction, but rose again in F4 (52.71 ± 1.84 mg L⁻¹) despite its higher stevia dose, revealing a non-monotonic dose–response. Hedonic ratings differed significantly for every attribute (Kruskal-Wallis: taste H = 23.08, p < 0.001; colour H = 17.80, p = 0.001; texture H = 16.87, p = 0.002; aroma H = 12.68, p = 0.013), with acceptance declining as the stevia dose increased and F0 preferred throughout. Conclusion. Sugar-to-stevia substitution exerted a significant, formulation-dependent rather than strictly dose-dependent effect on both anthocyanin retention and sensory acceptability of strawberry jam. Moderate substitution offers the most workable compromise between sugar reduction and product quality, but a genuine “low-sugar” label claim would require direct sugar-composition analysis, which was outside the present scope.
Formulation and characterization of gotu kola (Centella asiatica) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)-enriched white bread: organoleptic properties and qualitative triterpenoid screening Lisa Istarofah; Umar Hidayat; Chairunisa Nur Rarastiti
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i2.368

Abstract

Background: Elevated blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension, as classified by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, increase cardiovascular risk substantially. Non-pharmacological dietary interventions incorporating bioactive plant-derived compounds into staple foods represent a promising preventive strategy. Methods: A completely randomized design with four treatment groups (F0, F1, F2, F3) and three replications per group was employed. White bread was formulated with gotu kola (Centella asiatica) leaf powder and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark powder at varying proportions: F0 (0%:0%), F1 (10%:20%), F2 (20%:10%), and F3 (15%:15%). Organoleptic evaluation was conducted by 25 semi-trained panelists using a two-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test with Dunn’s post hoc comparison. Triterpenoid content was identified through qualitative phytochemical screening. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistically significant differences among formulations for all four sensory attributes: taste (H(3) = 29.28, p < 0.001), texture (H(3) = 19.51, p < 0.001), aroma (H(3) = 15.80, p = 0.001), and color (H(3) = 11.68, p = 0.009). Post-hoc analysis indicated that the control (F0) was significantly preferred over all treatment formulations across most attributes. Among treatment formulations, F2 demonstrated the highest taste acceptance (52%). Qualitative phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of triterpenoid compounds exclusively in F2. Conclusion: The F2 formulation (20% gotu kola, 10% cinnamon) was identified as the preferred formulation based on combined sensory performance and qualitative triterpenoid detection. Further quantitative analysis, bioavailability assessment, and controlled clinical investigation are warranted before functional health claims can be established.