The intensive use of mobile devices among university students has become a growing concern, particularly when lecture breaks—periods intended for physical recovery—are predominantly spent on non-academic screen-based activities. This study aims to analyze the impact of intensive screen time during lecture breaks on the risk of Text Neck Syndrome among university students. A quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach was employed, involving 47 students. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, screen time duration and frequency profiles, ergonomic posture, and musculoskeletal complaints measured using a 1–5 Likert scale. The results revealed that 83.0% of students accessed social media during lecture breaks, with 53.2% using their devices frequently (i.e., occupying more than 50% of break time). The prevalence of Text Neck Syndrome-related complaints included crepitus in the neck/scapular region (68.1%), neck muscle stiffness (61.6%), trapezius shoulder pain (59.5%), and finger weakness during writing (57.4%). Furthermore, 61.7% of respondents exhibited non-ergonomic forward head posture, while only 38.3% performed regular stretching exercises. This study concludes that intensive screen time during lecture breaks is associated with an increased risk of Text Neck Syndrome among students. Reactive preventive behaviors and low ergonomic awareness were identified as primary contributing factors, underscoring the urgent need for structured educational interventions within the university setting.