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All Journal Al-Tsaqafa: Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam
Lailatul Fadilah
UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Arts Humanities Social Sciences

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FROM BADAWAH TO HADHARAH: THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF NORTHERN COASTAL JAVANESE CITIES IN 1518–1546 Lailatul Fadilah; Dzulfikar Ubaidillah Rois; Helmi Syaifuddin
Al-Tsaqafa : Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026): Al-Tsaqafa : Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam
Publisher : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v23i1.56884

Abstract

This study examines the socio-economic dynamics of the northern coastal cities of Java, namely Demak, Gresik, Tuban, and Surabaya, during the period 1518–1546. Using the urban sociology framework of Ibn Khaldun's 'ashabiyyah theory and André Raymond's urban historical approach, this research investigates how these port cities functioned as centers of Islamic civilization characterized by the Santri (Puritan) Islam typology as formulated by Clifford Geertz. The method applied is the historical method, consisting of four stages: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Primary sources include Dutch-language texts by Roo de la Faille (1954), Sutterheim (1952), Mellema (1947), the historiography of H.J. de Graaf, and several Dutch colonial newspapers including De Locomotief (1925), Algemeen Handelsblad (1925), Nijmeegnsch dagblad (1949), and De Volkskrant (1995). The findings are organized into three phases: first, the pre-Demak tribal phase (badawah) in which coastal cities existed as loosely connected trading communities; second, the consolidation of Islamic political power under Sultan Trenggana, driven by the 'ashabiyyah of the santri trading network; and third, the fragmentation phase following Trenggana's death in 1546 and the eventual fall of Demak to Pajang. This study contributes a new urban-sociological reading of northern Javanese coastal history that complements existing economic-history approaches.
Co-Authors Dzulfikar Ubaidillah Rois Helmi Syaifuddin