<![CDATA[Although cooperative learning models have been widely implemented, low student engagement in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning remains an obstacle, while studies on the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model at the elementary school level in the Cengklik area remain limited. This study aimed to analyze the effect of implementing the TGT model on the IPAS learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Cengklik Surakarta. The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The study population comprised 254 fourth-grade students from five A-accredited elementary schools in Nusukan Urban Village. Through cluster sampling, 54 students from SD Negeri Cengklik were selected as the sample and divided into an experimental class consisting of 28 students and a control class consisting of 26 students. Data were collected through observations, interviews, tests, and documentation using a test instrument comprising 12 multiple-choice questions whose validity and reliability had been established. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, and an independent-samples t-test for hypothesis testing. The results showed that the experimental class achieved a mean post-test score of 82.43, which was higher than the control class mean of 67.96. The hypothesis test yielded a calculated t-value of 5.019, which was higher than the critical t-value of 2.882, with a significance value of 0.000. These findings confirm that implementing the TGT model has a significant effect on improving students’ IPAS learning outcomes. The TGT model can be used as an innovative learning alternative for educators to create a more participatory and competitive learning environment.]]>
