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All Journal Jurnal Mahasiswa Manajemen, Bisnis, Enterpreneurship
Ayu Lestari
Yalova University
Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN INDONESIA'S DIGITAL LABOR PLATFORMS:A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF LIVED EXPERIENCES Ayu Lestari
JIMBIEN: JURNAL MAHASISWA MANAJEMEN, BISNIS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Tulungagung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36563/pt92ec96

Abstract

Digital labor platforms are expanding rapidly across the Global South, raising questions about whether they empower women or reproduce precarity under the guise of flexibility. Indonesia, one of Southeast Asia’s largest platform economies, illustrates how digital work intersects with entrenched gender norms, regulatory gaps, and structural inequalities. This study applies Kabeer (1999) framework of resources, agency, and achievements, supported by Sen (1999) capability approach, Malhotra & Schuler (2002) indicators, and Cornwall & Rivas (2015) call to politicize empowerment. Semi-structured interviews with ten women in ride-hailing and reselling platforms were thematically analyzed to foreground lived experiences. Findings show that platform work generates real but fragile empowerment. Resources such as digital skills and income enable entry, while achievements like financial independence and confidence are genuine yet undermined by five constraints: physical safety, algorithmic precarity, taxation burdens, social stigma, and capability gaps. Agency emerges as negotiated autonomy; women exercise choice, but only within structural limits imposed by algorithms, household norms, and unsafe conditions. Empowerment in Indonesia’s platform economy thus remains contingent, partial, and dependent on broader institutional transformation
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