Siti Azizah
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara

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Konstruksi Konsep Karamah Maryam Perspektif Fakhruddin Al-Razi: Analisis Teologis atas QS. Āli 'Imrān Ayat 37–42 dan QS. Maryam Ayat 16–26 Siti Azizah; Idris Siregar
Ta’wiluna: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur'an, Tafsir dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Ta’wiluna: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an, Tafsir dan Pemikiran Islam
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Penerbitan dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LP3M) IAIFA Kediri

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Abstract

This study examines the construction of the concept of Maryam’s karāmah from the perspective of Fakhruddin al-Razi through his interpretation of Qur'an Surah Āli ‘Imrān verses 37–42 and Surah Maryam verses 16–26. The study is motivated by several extraordinary events experienced by Maryam, including the appearance of sustenance in the miḥrāb, the announcement of the birth of Isa, the emergence of a spring, and the provision of dates, which raise theological questions concerning whether these events should be understood as karāmah or as signs related to the prophethood of Isa. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research and thematic interpretation (tafsīr mawḍū‘ī). The primary source is Fakhruddin al-Razi’s Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb, while supporting data are drawn from Qur’anic commentaries, works of Islamic theology, books, and relevant scholarly articles. The analysis identifies al-Razi’s interpretation of the relevant verses, categorizes the extraordinary events experienced by Maryam, and reconstructs his arguments in distinguishing karāmah, mu‘jizah, and irhāṣ. The findings demonstrate that al-Razi constructs the concept of Maryam’s karāmah through a theological distinction between the characteristics of mu‘jizah and karāmah. The extraordinary events experienced by Maryam cannot be classified as mu‘jizah because they are not associated with a claim to prophethood. Instead, al-Razi maintains two possibilities: that they constitute karāmah granted to Maryam or irhāṣ associated with the prophethood of Isa. Thus, al-Razi’s interpretation demonstrates that extraordinary occurrences may be granted to a righteous servant of God without making that person a prophet, while simultaneously affirming the conceptual distinction between karāmah and mu‘jizah.