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All Journal Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Armia, Argadhika Rizqy
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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Formulation and Evaluation of a Combination Gel of Singkil Leaves Extract and Stingless Bee Propolis for Burns Armia, Argadhika Rizqy; Pramesthi, Asri Dwi Endah Dewi; Kustiawan, Paula Mariana
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v7i1.28439

Abstract

Burn injuries remain a significant public health concern due to high morbidity and risk of complications. Natural products such as Singkil leaves (Premna corymbosa Rottl. & Willd.), rich in flavonoids, and stingless bee propolis (Heterotrigona itama), recognized for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, demonstrate potential to enhance wound repair. This study aimed to formulate a topical gel combining both extracts and to evaluate its physicochemical characteristics and in vivo burn wound-healing activity. Three gel formulations with different extract ratios were prepared and assessed for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and syneresis. Burn wound healing was evaluated using male Wistar rats. Overall, all formulations fulfilled the physicochemical requirements for topical gels and demonstrated satisfactory physical stability. Formula F1 (75% propolis:25% Premna corymbosa) exhibited the lowest viscosity and acceptable spreadability. Formula F2 (50:50) provided the most balanced rheological profile, with the highest spreadability among all formulations. Meanwhile, Formula F3 (25% propolis:75% Premna corymbosa) showed the greatest adhesion and superior burn wound-healing activity, reducing wound diameter by 42.43%, a result statistically comparable to the positive control. These findings suggest that increasing the proportion of Premna corymbosa extract contributed positively to biological activity while maintaining suitable physicochemical characteristics. These findings indicate that the combined extract gel possesses strong potential as a natural topical therapeutic candidate for burn wound management.
Co-Authors Paula Mariana Kustiawan Pramesthi, Asri Dwi Endah Dewi