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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal PENDIPA Journal of Science Education
Subur Wahono
Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia
Chemistry Education Mathematics

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ASEAN Power Grid sebagai Infrastruktur Ketahanan Energi Indonesia di Indo-Pasifik: Perspektif Diplomasi Energi dan Implikasinya bagi Literasi Energi Tri Siska Windarti; Novky Asmoro; Subur Wahono
PendIPA Journal of Science Education Vol 10 No 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : UNIB Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/pendipa.10.3.1007-1016

Abstract

This study repositions the ASEAN Power Grid (APG) primarily as regional energy-resilience infrastructure and examines how energy diplomacy can support Indonesia's strategic use of it in the Indo-Pacific, while mapping its implications for science education. An integrative qualitative literature review was employed to synthesise peer-reviewed studies, ASEAN policy documents, international energy reports, and Indonesian electricity planning documents, prioritising evidence published between 2020 and 2026. Thematic synthesis is organised around five energy-resilience dimensions, namely availability, accessibility, affordability, sustainability, and resilience, together with infrastructure, regulatory, financing, institutional, and technological factors. The analysis shows that the APG can improve supply diversification, system flexibility, reserve sharing, renewable energy integration, and the efficiency of regional electricity trade, and that recent milestones such as the Enhanced APG Memorandum of Understanding of October 2025, the APAEC 2026-2030, the second phase of the Lao PDR-Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore Power Integration Project, and Indonesia's plan to export up to 3.4 GW of low-carbon electricity to Singapore mark a shift towards operational multilateral trade. These benefits remain constrained by interconnection capacity, regulatory fragmentation, financing needs, institutional asymmetry, interoperability, and cyber security. The study also maps the scientific basis of interconnection, namely transmission losses, HVDC conversion, system inertia and frequency control, and battery storage, into science learning topics that can strengthen energy literacy.
Dilema Alokasi Fiskal Sektor Pertahanan: Kajian Persepsi Publik terhadap Modernisasi Alutsista dalam Konteks Krisis Ekonomi Indonesia Zayyan Zhafirah Arofia Susanto; Novky Asmoro; Subur Wahono
PendIPA Journal of Science Education Vol 10 No 3 (2026): July - September
Publisher : UNIB Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/pendipa.10.3.1078-1084

Abstract

This study analyzes the dynamics of defense budget efficiency in Indonesia, highlighting the tension between the need to modernize the Defense Main Equipment System (Alutsista) and fiscal constraints amid the multidimensional economic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, the guns-versus-butter paradox is examined, in which the state must balance defense investment aimed at achieving the Minimum Essential Force (MEF) and progressing toward the Optimum Essential Force (OEF) against the urgent need for social safety nets. The findings reveal a duality in public perception: assessments of national security remained positive, while criticism emerged toward aggressive debt-financing schemes (front-loading) that could intensify fiscal risks and distributive concerns. A comparative case study of the cancelled Mirage 2000-5 acquisition due to fiscal constraints and the staged procurement of Dassault Rafale aircraft, supported by foreign credit facilities and industrial-offset arrangements, shows that large-scale modernization can be structured to distribute fiscal obligations across budget years while generating domestic industrial benefits. The results imply the need for disciplined top-down planning, affordability and life-cycle cost assessment, transparent financing, and measurable technology-transfer and offset outcomes to strengthen national defense self-reliance.
Co-Authors Novky Asmoro Tri Siska Windarti Zayyan Zhafirah Arofia Susanto