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All Journal Jurnal JOEPALLT (Journal of English Pedagogy, Linguistics, Literature, and Teaching) IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education
Made Suardana
Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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The Comparison Between Balinese and Singaporean Swear Words in Terms of References Used Puput Virginia; I Gede Budasi; Made Suardana
IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education
Publisher : Master Program in Indonesian Language Education and The Institute for Research and Community Service STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52217/617c1103

Abstract

This study aims to compare the use of swear words in Balinese and Singaporean languages based on the references employed. This study applied a qualitative approach with a document study method, where data were obtained from relevant previous studies. The data were analyzed by classifying swear words into ten reference categories based on the framework of Malo and Adindarena (2021), which includes social conditions, concrete objects, abstract concepts, religion or supernatural beings, sexual organs or activities, body excretions, body parts, animals, actions, and professions. The results show that both languages have similarities in the use of universal references, such as social conditions and abstract concepts, to express negative evaluations and emotions. However, Balinese swear words show a wider variety of references through the presence of religious or supernatural, animals, concrete objects, and professions, which are not found in the Singaporean language. This difference reflects the influence of cultural values and social context on the selection of references in cross-cultural swear words. Also, this study contributes to sociolinguistics and discourse analysis by demonstrating that swear words can be systematically categorized through reference types.
Hallyu Fans’ Perceptions of The Use of Korean Swear Words in Everyday Communication Ni Komang Cantika Hyang Sari; I Gede Budasi; Made Suardana
IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education
Publisher : Master Program in Indonesian Language Education and The Institute for Research and Community Service STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52217/r8rhbd67

Abstract

The increasing popularity of Korean culture (Hallyu) over time has also influenced the increased exposure of Hallyu, such as Korean dramas, music, films, and language to Hallyu fans, especially fans who are non-native Korean speakers. One of the exposures of Korean language elements is swear words through media and online interactions, so that some fans also use these words, some even use them without knowing their meaning. This study aims to find out Hallyu fans’ perception of the use of Korean swear words and what factors influence them to use these words. This study is a qualitative study. Data collection was carried out by conducting semi-structured interviews using Indonesian with Hallyu fans who have different characteristics, backgrounds, and Korean proficiencies. The results of the interviews were converted into transcripts then translated into English. The collected data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method which has six stages, namely familiarization, generating codes, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming the themes, and report. The results of the study show that Hallyu fans' perceptions of Korean swear words are relative, depending on the context. The factors that influence the use of swear words are Korean content and the social environment. In addition, this study can help learners avoid misuse and develop more appropriate pragmatic competence in real-life communication.
GRAMMATICAL ERROR ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE BY THE EMPLOYEES OF SABU ART SHOP I Wayan Bagus Satria Antara; I Gede Budasi; Made Suardana
Jurnal JOEPALLT (Journal of English Pedagogy, Linguistics, Literature, and Teaching) Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Suryakancana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35194/jj.v14i2.6615

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the types of grammatical errors and their sources in English business correspondence sent via WhatsApp by employees of Sabu Art Shop. This study followed a five-stage error analysis: collecting samples, identifying errors, describing errors, explaining errors, and evaluating errors. The subjects of this study were five Sabu Art Shop employees selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected from English-language WhatsApp conversations conducted by the five research subjects with foreign customers. The collected data were analysed using an interactive analysis model consisting of three stages: data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that 7 types of grammatical errors were found, with omission as the most dominant, followed by prepositional errors, misformation, addition, misordering, tense errors, and article errors. In addition, the analysis of error sources showed that grammatical errors were mainly influenced by interlingual and intralingual factors. Interlingual errors reflect the direct influence of Indonesian language structure and lexical choices on English, while intralingual errors stem from an inability to apply English grammar rules correctly, such as inappropriate vocabulary selection, incomplete sentence formation, and incorrect grammatical structures. Based on these findings, this study recommends improving employees' business English skills through grammar training and increasing awareness of the use of formal English in business correspondence to support more effective communication with international clients.
Co-Authors I Gede Budasi I Wayan Bagus Satria Antara Ni Komang Cantika Hyang Sari Puput Virginia