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All Journal INTEGRATION: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies
Mohd. Arifullah
Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Indonesia

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Exploring the foundations of knowledge: Islamic and Western perspectives Erdiansyah Erdiansyah; Ahmad Syukri; Mohd. Arifullah
INTEGRATION: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): INTEGRATION: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies - August
Publisher : SCM PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65881/integration.v1i2.88

Abstract

Purpose: to examine and compare the foundations of knowledge in Islamic and Western perspectives, focusing on their concepts, sources, classifications, and epistemological differences. Method: this study uses a qualitative library research design. Data were collected from primary and secondary literature sources and analyzed descriptively to compare Islamic and Western perspectives on the foundations of knowledge. Findings: both Islamic and Western perspectives recognize reason and experience as important sources of knowledge. However, Islamic epistemology integrates revelation, reason, experience, and intuition as interconnected sources of knowledge with spiritual and moral dimensions, while Western epistemology primarily emphasizes rationalism and empiricism. The study also reveals differences in the classification, orientation, and purpose of knowledge, where Islam links knowledge to ethical and spiritual values, whereas Western thought focuses on objectivity, verification, and empirical validity. Implications: integrating Islamic epistemology and Western scientific approaches can contribute to a more holistic understanding of knowledge. Such integration combines methodological rigor and empirical validity with ethical and spiritual values, offering a more balanced framework for addressing contemporary scientific and social challenges. Originality: this study offers a comparative and integrative framework of Islamic and Western epistemology, highlighting their key similarities and differences in a concise and structured way.
Philosophy of science and truth: epistemological foundations of scientific knowledge Mardona Mardona; Ahmad Syukri; Mohd. Arifullah
INTEGRATION: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): INTEGRATION: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies - August
Publisher : SCM PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65881/integration.v1i2.89

Abstract

Purpose: to analyze the relationship between philosophy of science, epistemology, theories of truth, and major philosophical traditions in shaping the foundations and development of scientific knowledge. Method: this study employed a qualitative library research approach. Data were collected from primary and secondary literature on philosophy of science, epistemology, theories of truth, and major philosophical traditions, and analyzed using content analysis and descriptive-critical analysis. Findings: scientific knowledge is fundamentally shaped by philosophical assumptions underlying ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Epistemology plays a central role in knowledge construction and justification, while theories of truth, correspondence, coherence, and pragmatism provide complementary perspectives in defining scientific validity. Furthermore, rationalism, empiricism, positivism, post-positivism, and constructivism collectively influence the development of modern scientific paradigms, indicating that scientific knowledge is dynamic, interpretative, and paradigm-dependent. Implications: a stronger understanding of philosophical foundations is essential for developing more critical, reflective, and ethically responsible scientific research practices. Originality: this study offers an integrative framework that connects philosophy of science, epistemology, theories of truth, and major philosophical traditions to explain the construction and validation of scientific knowledge.
Co-Authors Ahmad Syukri Erdiansyah Erdiansyah Mardona Mardona