<![CDATA[Mathematical competence is an important ability that needs to be developed from the elementary school level because it is closely related to logical thinking, problem-solving, and the application of mathematical concepts in everyday life. However, the abstract nature of mathematics can make it difficult for elementary school students to understand mathematical concepts. This study aims to analyze the difficulties experienced by second-grade students in learning mathematics at SDN Munjul 2, Munjul District, Pandeglang Regency, particularly in multiplication operations. This study employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The research subjects consisted of 15 second-grade students, including 7 male and 8 female students, and the second-grade teacher as the main informant. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity was established through technical, source, and time triangulation. The findings indicate that students experienced difficulties in understanding multiplication concepts and solving multiplication problems. These difficulties were associated with both internal and external factors. Internal factors included students' ability to understand the material, motivation, interest, and memory, while external factors involved parental assistance, smartphone use, the learning environment, and the learning process implemented by the teacher. The findings indicate the need for mathematics learning strategies that are more concrete, contextual, and aligned with the developmental characteristics of elementary school students, particularly in teaching multiplication operations.]]>
